Task Force III Preliminary Global Outlook for Chemicals and Waste Instruments and

1. Task Force III Preliminary Global Outlook for Chemicals and Waste Instruments and Approaches for the Sound Management of Chemicals Ken Geiser, with Ingela Andersson, Arthur Fong, Monika Luxem-Fritsch, Abiola Olanipekun September 14, 2009

2. Sound Management of Chemicals The Sound Management of Chemicals, first articulated in Agenda 21 of the UN Conference on Environment and Development, places significant responsibilities on governments and industries To carry out these responsibilities there exist today a broad range of legal, professional and program instruments and approaches These tools may be regulatory, economic, technical or voluntary

3. Limits of Current Instruments and Approaches • Many countries have yet to adopt full sets of appropriate instruments and approaches • Capacity to implement Instruments and approaches is unevenly developed across countries • Instruments and approaches are not internationally coordinated and harmonized • Appropriate instruments and approaches are not integrated into national economic development planning and international development funding • Developing countries are not taking advantage of the most recent instruments and approaches

4. Tasks • Coordinate, harmonize and integrate the diverse array of legal, • economic and technical instruments and approaches • Promote the adoption of instruments and approaches • appropriate to differing types on economic conditions • Develop new comprehensive chemical policies that link • chemical safety, environmental protection and • sustainable development • Strengthen government and business capacity in • developing countries and countries in transition

5. Seven Types of Instruments for Soundly • Managing Chemicals • Instruments for Controlling Chemical Pollution • Instruments for Remediating Contaminated Sites and Managing Wasted Chemicals • 3. Instruments for Preventing Chemical Pollution • Instruments for Chemical Information Management • Instruments for Managing Chemicals in Products • 6. Instruments for Promoting Safer Alternatives • 7. Instruments for Generating Safer Chemicals

6. 1. Instruments for Controlling Chemical Pollution • Regulatory • Chemical Use and Import Regulations • Chemical Release Restrictions • Chemical Bans and Phase Outs • Economic • Chemical Waste Fees • Environmental Liability Requirements • 2. Instruments for Remediating Contaminated Sites and Managing Wasted Chemicals • Technical • Emergency Response and Spill Management Programs • Site Clean Up Programs • Post Clean up Management • Legacy Chemical Storage Management and Treatment

7. 3. Instruments for Preventing Chemical Pollution • Technical • Pollution Prevention Planning • Chemical Accident Prevention • Cleaner Production Assessments • Economic • Chemical Use Fees and Taxes • Chemical Leasing 4. Instruments for Managing Chemical Information • Regulatory and Technical • Pollutant Release and Transfer Registries • Product Ingredient Registries • Chemical Hazard Characterization and Labeling • Chemical Manufacturing and Use Inventories • Voluntary • Chemical Disclosure in the Supply Chain

8. 5. Instruments for Managing Chemicals in Products • Regulatory, Voluntary and Technical • Product Design • Product Labeling • Product Declarations • Eco-Labeling • Product Standards and Certification • Product Management • Preferred Product Procurement Policies (EPP) • Product Stewardship and Take Back (EPR)

9. 6. Instruments for Promoting Safer Chemical Alternatives • Technical • Chemical Screening • Chemical Characterization and Priority Setting • Alternatives Assessment • Life Cycle Assessment • 7. Instruments for Generating Safer Chemicals • Technical • Green Chemistry • Green Engineering • Economic • Research Investments

10. Tailoring Chemical Policies to Enhance Economic Development • Chemicals are critical to economic development • However, instruments and approaches for chemical management should be appropriate to the specifics of a nation’s economic development, because… • chemical uses vary by type of development • governments vary in terms of chemical management • capacity • global markets push polluters to countries with weaker • policies

11. Instruments and Approaches Appropriate for Types of Economic Development--I

12. Instruments and Approaches Appropriate for Types of Economic Development--II

13. Comprehensive Chemicals Policy • Comprehensive Chemicals Policies are needed that systemically integrate chemical safety and sustainable development. • Such policies need to: • focus on all chemicals, • promote sufficient chemical • characterization, • provide public information, • support safer chemical research and innovation and • encourage the substitution of chemicals of high concern • with safer and more sustainable alternatives.

14. Capacity Building to Achieve the • Sound Management of Chemicals • Improving instruments and approaches to the sound management • of chemicals in developing countries and countries in transition • requires: • improving access to information on chemicals and chemical • management programs • chemicals management capacity building must be a priority in social • and economic development strategies • adoption and appropriate use of chemical management programs • already established in other countries • promoting awareness among donors and multilateral organizations • of the role of sound chemical management in poverty reduction and • economic development

15. Inter-Organization Program for the • Sound Management of Chemicals Strategy • for Capacity Building • Strengthen capacities for engagement • proactively • 2. Increase capacities to generate, access • and use information and knowledge • 3. Enhance capacities for policy and • legislation development • 4. Strengthen capacity for program development • 5. Strengthen capacities for management and implementation • of chemical management policies and regulations • Increase capacities to monitor programs and evaluate • achievements • 7. Improve capacities to mobilize resources

16. Recommendations • Encourage development of national and industry roadmaps • for implementing SAICM • Promote the adoption of chemical management instruments • and approaches that are appropriate to economic conditions • Maintain a central focal point for international communication • and information sharing • Promote development and adoption of new chemical • management instruments and approaches • Assist in development of new risk reduction programs for • cleaning up chemical wastes and managing obsolete chemicals • Convene international dialogues on chemical substances • of high concern in developing regions (heavy metals, pesticides, • halogens, etc.) • Promote non-chemical and low-chemical alternatives • (particularly in agriculture and the informal sector)

17. Recommendations for Research • Developing a Menu of Instruments and Approaches for • Developing Countries– developing guides for adopting newer instruments and approaches • Linking Innovation to Chemical Risk Reduction— developingcase studies and examples of chemical policies promoting new chemicals and technologies • Cost Internalization— documenting how fees, taxes and • regulations representing the true costs of chemicals improve chemical management

18. Recommendations for Research • Green Chemistry— identifying alternative chemical synthesis and processes for priority chemicals in developing counties and countries in transition (e.g. agricultural chemicals, disinfection chemicals, heavy metals, etc.) • Safer Alternatives— developing screening and analytical comparison methods for identifying safer alternatives to chemicals of high concern • Supply Chain Information Management– studying the barriers and opportunities for improving two-way communication in supply chains (particularly between developed and developing countries)