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Unit Fifteen Organic Chemistry. Alkanes, Isomers, and Naming Alkanes. Alkanes. Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds Saturated hydrocarbons – saturated with hydrogen (alkanes) n-alkanes (normal alkanes) – alkanes composed of C atoms bonded in a straight chain without branching
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Alkanes • Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds • Saturated hydrocarbons – saturated with hydrogen (alkanes) • n-alkanes (normal alkanes) – alkanes composed of C atoms bonded in a straight chain without branching • Naming – coming soon…
isomers • Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures • Because of the different structures, they have different properties • Practice • Draw the five isomers of hexane • Draw the three isomers of pentane
Naming Alkanes • We will be using the International Union Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature system. • The base chain is used to determine the base name of the compound. • Base chain – the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms • Alkanes always end in –ane • Alkyl Groups – groups of carbon atoms branching off the base chain
Naming Alkanes • Find base chain and corresponding prefix. Then add –ane to form base name. • Consider the alkyl groups • Start with end closest to branching for numbering. • #-name (space) base name listing alphabetically • If multiple of same substituent use prefixes di-(2), tri-(3), or tetra-(4)
