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Cell Biology: Cell Compounds and Biological Molecules

Cell Biology: Cell Compounds and Biological Molecules. Lesson 2 – Acids, Bases, and Buffers ( Inquiry into Life pg. 29-30 ). Today’s Objectives. Describe the role of acids, bases, and buffers in biological systems in the human body, including: Differentiate among acids, bases, and buffers

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Cell Biology: Cell Compounds and Biological Molecules

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  1. Cell Biology:Cell Compounds and Biological Molecules Lesson 2 – Acids, Bases, and Buffers (Inquiry into Life pg. 29-30)

  2. Today’s Objectives • Describe the role of acids, bases, and buffers in biological systems in the human body, including: • Differentiate among acids, bases, and buffers • Describe the importance of pH to biological systems in the human body

  3. When water ionizes, it releases an equal number of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). Ionization is the process of converting an atom or molecule into an ion by adding or removing charged particles such as electrons or ions Acids and Bases

  4. Acids and Bases • Acidic Solutions (High H+ Concentrations) • Acids are substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+). • An example: HCl H+ + Cl- hydrochloric acid

  5. Acids and Bases • Basic Solutions (Low H+ Concentrations) • Basesare substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) or take up hydrogen ions (H+). • An example: NaOH Na+ + OH- sodium hydroxide

  6. Acids and Bases • The pH Scale • Ranges from 0 - 14 • A pH below 7 is acidic [H+] > [OH-] • A pH above 7 is alkaline [OH-] > [H+] • A pH of 7 is neutral [H+] = [OH-]

  7. The pH Scale

  8. Acids and Bases • The pH Scale • Each unit change in pH represents a change of 10X

  9. Buffers and pH • A buffer is a chemical(s) that keep pH within normal limits. • Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) found in human blood buffers the pH to 7.4 • If bloods pH drops to 7, acidosis results • If blood pH rises to about 7.8, alkalosis results • Both conditions can be life threatening • Our bodies produce natural buffers that help keep our blood at a healthy pH

  10. Buffers and pH If hydrogen ions (H+) are added to the blood, this reaction occurs: H+ + HCO3-H2CO3 If hydroxide ions (OH-) are added to the blood, this reaction occurs: OH- + H2CO3 HCO3- + H2O H+ ions removed from blood, raises pH bicarbonate ion OH- ions removed from blood, lowers pH carbonic acid

  11. Homework • Read pg. 31-40 – Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids • Create Flashcards for all bold terms found in these pages • Each flash card should have the word on the front side • The back side should have: • Picture/diagram • Function • Composition • Location

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