Animal Farm by George Orwell

1. Animal Farm by George Orwell

2. Objectives Lit Terms-allegory, satire, fable Persuasive Devices-band wagon, loaded words, plain folks, snob appeal, misuse of stats, transfer

3. Author Background George Orwell-1903-1950 Pseudonym for Eric Blair English Author & Journalist Author of acclaimed novels 1984 Animal Farm Author’s Purpose: “In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act.” Orwell

4. Define Allegory Fable Satire

5. Definitions Allegory-a story that is both literal and symbolic and closely parallels another Fable-a brief story with animals characters that teaches a moral or lesson Satire-writing that ridicules human weakness

6. Summary • Animal Farm is an allegory for the Russian Revolution of 1918. It is a story about political totalitarianism and abuses in power-especially in communist governments.

7. Russian History • 1825-1st failed attempt to overthrow the Russian czar by a minority group of educated citizens • Karl Marx-father of Communism; German philosopher; author of The Communist Manifesto; believed revolution must occur with the proletariat; died before he could see his theory in practice

8. Karl Marx • 1818-1883 • “Religion is the • opiate of the people.”

9. Marxism-split into 2 parties • Mensheviks-believed in a democratic form of government (minority) • Bolsheviks-believed in ruling the lower classes (majority) • Led by Vladimir Lenin & Leon Trotsky • Trotsky is eventually exiled and assassinated in Mexico.

10. Lenin & Trotsky

11. Russian History cont… • Czar Nicholas II- • last czar of Russia • Assassinated along with his wife and children by the Bolshevik party in Siberia, July 17, 1918

12. The Romanovs

13. Russian History cont… • Josef Stalin-1879-1953 • leader of Bolsheviks • Creator of the Secret Police • Creator of “Pravda”-Russian newspaper meaning “TRUTH” • Sent dissenters to the Gulag/Siberia (work camps)

14. Josef Stalin • Seven-ten million Russians were put to death during his leadership. • “The death of one man is a tragedy. The death of millions merely a statistic.” J. Stalin

15. Discuss • Why is Hitler a more • notorious despot than Stalin? • Discuss: • WWII Allies and enemies • What propaganda tools did both Stalin and Hitler use to control others?

16. Novel Characters/Allegory • Farmer Jones • Old Major • Snowball • Napoleon • Squealer • Boxer • Puppies/Dogs • Sheep

17. Chapter 1 Outline • Setting • List characters’ names/animal type • Problem/Issue-quotation

18. Analyze Old Major’s Speech • Pgs 5-8 • Rhetorical Question pg 5 Explain the implied answer. Identify +5 loaded language from that paragraph. • Main Idea- pg 5 • Appeal to Fear (+3) pg 6,7 • False Dilemma (+2 either/or) pg 7,8 • Old Major’s Purpose? Pg. 7 • Old Major’s speech-Logos or Pathos? • Is the speech effective and persuasive?

19. Chapter 2 Outline • 4 New Characters-pgs 12,13,14-list & describe (+3 adjectives) • Rebellion/Cause and effect-pgs 15,16 • Pig Power Examples-pgs 20,21 • Equality-milk and apples?-pg 22 • Quote-inequality or abuse in power

20. Outline Chapter 3 Creating of new society-list elements-pg 26,27 Education of proletariat-pg 27-29 Mystery of the Milk-pg 30 Squealer’s Speech-logical fallacies & persuasive devices

21. Logical Fallacies • appeal to fear • personal attack {ad hominem} • false dilemma • false analogy • slippery slope • non sequitur • false authority

22. Analyze Squealer’s Speech • Pg 31-32 • Slippery Slope • False Authority • Misuse of Stats • Appeal to Fear • Rhetorical Question • Explain the purpose of this speech. • Is the claim stated or implied? • What is the effect on the audience?

23. Theme/Agree or Disagree • In society people are not treated equally. • Examples from real life? from the novel? • Is equality an ideal condition for a society?

24. Theme/Agree or Disagree • People’s ignorance contributes to their oppression. • Examples from real life? from the novel? • How important is literacy within a free society?

25. Theme/Agree of Disagree • Power is a corrupting force. • Examples from real life? from the novel? • Are immoral or dishonest people more likely to seek power?

26. Persuasive Devices/define • Testimonial • Band Wagon • Use of Statistics • Plain Folks • Rhetoric: parallelism, repetition, rhetorical question, diction, loaded words

27. Analyze Napoleon’s Speech • Pg 63-65 • Loaded Words (connotation) • Ad hominem • Bandwagon pgs 75,76 • Figurative Language/poem pg 83 • What is the purpose of his speech and poem?

28. Persuasive Devices: Bandwagon Transfer Plain Folks Loaded Words Logical Fallacies: Appeal to Fear False Authority +3 Unit 5 vocabulary Pig Ads: Milk & Apples Cafe

29. Persuasive Devices: Snob Appeal Misuse of Stats Testimonial Loaded Words Logical Fallacies: Slippery Slope Non Sequitor +3 Unit 5 vocabulary Pig Ads: Windmill Luxury Resort

30. Additional Resources • Churchill Speech-Sinews of Peace • http://www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1946-1963-elder-statesman/120-the-sinews-of-peace • PDF-online text • https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79a/index.html • Video-Land and Bread • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HVMaj8IdlQ&feature=youtu.be

31. RESOURCES • https://www.commonlit.org/texts/the-russian-revolution • Video background-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDrhX2DrKjk