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Notes- The Skeletal System

Notes- The Skeletal System. Functions. I. 5 functions of the skeletal system A. Gives shape and support to your body. B. Bones protect internal organs 1. The rib cage, sternum, and vertebrae protect the heart and lungs . 2. The cranium protects the brain .

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Notes- The Skeletal System

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  1. Notes- The Skeletal System

  2. Functions I.5 functions of the skeletal system A. Gives shape and support to your body. B. Bones protect internal organs 1. The rib cage, sternum, and vertebrae protect the heart and lungs. 2. The cranium protects the brain. C. Major muscles attached to bones.

  3. Functions D. Blood cells are formed in the red marrow of some bones. E. Major amounts of calcium and phosphorus are stored. These elements make bones hard. Notice the red marrow and the compact bone

  4. Parts of bones II. Parts of bones • 206- 214 bones in your body. • Classified by their shape. (long, flat and short)

  5. Parts of bones C. Parts • Periosteum a. Tough, tight – fitting on the outside of the bone. b. Small blood vessels carry nutrients into bone. c. Also important in growth and repair of bone

  6. Parts of bones 2. Compact bone • Contains bone cells, blood vessels, calcium, phosphorus, elastic fibers • Elastic fibers keep bones from being too rigid, brittle, or easily broken

  7. Disorders Rickets c. Rickets and Osteoporosis are two disorders caused by lack of minerals Osteoporosis www. Ihealth

  8. Parts of bones 3. Spongy bone • Found towards the end of long bones • Has lots of open spaces which cause bone to be light weight.

  9. 4. Marrow Cavity • In center of long bones • Filled with fatty tissue called marrow • Produces 2-3 million red blood cells per second • Produces white blood cells also

  10. Parts of bones 5. Cartilage • Thick , smooth layer over bone’s ends • No blood vessels or minerals • Flexible, absorbs shock, makes movement easier

  11. Bone Development III. Bone Development • Before birth, our skeleton is cartilage

  12. Bone Development B. Osteoblast (bone- forming cells) replace cartilage. C. Osteoclast break down bone and release calcium and phosphorus into your bloodstream. The blue arrows indicate the osteoblasts. The yellow arrows indicate the bone matrix they’ve just secreted.

  13. Fractures IV. Fractures A. Break in a bone

  14. Fractures B. Types of fractures • Simple : The bone has broken but the ends do not break through the skin. • Compound: Broken ends of bone stick out through the skin.

  15. Name the Fracture It’s kind of tough to tell, but this is a _ _ _ _ _ _ fracture. What kind of fracture is this?

  16. Joints V. Joints • Place where two or more bone meet. • Ligaments- tough band of tissue that holds bones together at joints • Types of joints • Immovable • Allows little or no movement • Examples: pelvis and skull • Movable a. Allows body to make a wide range of movements

  17. Joints b. Types • Pivot – head and arm (elbow) • Ball and socket- hip and shoulder • Hinge- knee, arm and fingers (conyloid) • Gliding- wrist, ankle and vetebrae • Immovable / Fixed joint – skull (cranium) Static. How stuffworks.com

  18. Hinge joint and pivot joint

  19. Know the parts of a skeleton Posterior View Frontal View

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