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SKELETAL SYSTEM NOTES PART 1

Learn about the skeletal system, its parts (bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments), functions (shape maintenance, organ protection, movement levers), and connective tissues. Understand bone classification, structure of long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones, as well as anatomical features of long bones, including diaphysis, epiphysis, medullary cavity, and periosteum. Explore compact and spongy bone structures, bone marrow, and their roles in blood cell formation.

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SKELETAL SYSTEM NOTES PART 1

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  1. SKELETAL SYSTEM NOTES PART 1

  2. Copy this chart on the top 1/3 of your paper and write as many things as you can about the following terms Skeleton Bones Skeletal System

  3. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM - NOTES • Skeletal System Parts: • bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments • Functions: • maintain body shape • protects organs • provides levers for movement • mineral storage • blood cell formation

  4. Skeletal System connective tissues: • living cells in a matrix LIVING CELLS MATRIX • bone cells • calcium, phosphorus, collagen • cartilage cells • collagen and ground tissue • tendons & ligaments • parallel collagen fibers

  5. Bone Classification by Shape • LONG BONE • EX: humerus

  6. SHORT BONE • EX: trapezoid (bone in wrist)

  7. FLAT BONE • EX: sternum

  8. IRREGULAR BONE • EX: vertebra

  9. SESAMOID BONE • patella (knee cap)

  10. Anatomical Features of Long Bones • DIAPHYSIS • shaft • EPIPHYSIS • end of the bone • EPIPHYSEAL PLATE (or EPIPHYSEAL LINE) • site of bone growth – bones grow from their ends epiphyseal plate epiphysis diaphysis

  11. MEDULLARY CAVITY • location: • in diaphysis • filled with yellow marrow (adipose tissue)

  12. PERIOSTEUM • outer covering of bone – tough connective tissue • contains blood vessels & nerves

  13. Anatomical Features of COMPACT BONE • location: diaphysis • solid matrix & tightly packed cells • made up of OSTEONS or HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS

  14. OSTEOCYTES • bone cells – supplied by Haversian Canals with blood • CANALICULI • tiny canals that connect osteocytes together • thin rings of bone that serve to anchor bone cells • LAMELLAE

  15. Anatomical Features of SPONGY BONE • bone is not really “spongy” or soft, it only “looks” spongy • Location: • epiphysis • made of TRABECULAE • interconnecting rods of bone

  16. spaces in trabeculae filled w/red marrow • no Haversian Canals • lighter than compact bone

  17. BONE MARROW • cells produced from within bones • red marrow • produces blood cells • yellow marrow • adipose tissue – stores fat (energy)

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