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Anatomy Terminology

Anatomy Terminology. **You will need these notes throughout the WHOLE year!**. Why do we need to learn these words?. Veterinarians use these terms to discuss the animal injuries, where to inject shots, or just general explanations of animals.

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Anatomy Terminology

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  1. Anatomy Terminology **You will need these notes throughout the WHOLE year!**

  2. Why do we need to learn these words? • Veterinarians use these terms to discuss the animal injuries, where to inject shots, or just general explanations of animals. • If you decide to go into the field of veterinarian medicine, you will already have an advantage in your degree or job!

  3. Directional Terms • Adjacent: Next to, adjoining, or close to • Cranial: Position more towards the CRANIUM or head end of the body. (can also be craniad or cranially) • Caudal: position more towards the tail end of the body. (can also be cudad or caudally)

  4. Cephalic: Pertaining to the head (not used as frequently as cranial) • Rostral: pertaning to the nose end or towards the nose • Dorsal: pertaining to the back area of the quadruped (an animal with 4 legs) or a position more toward the back. • Ventral: the belly or the underside of a quadruped or toward the belly (down) • Lateral: a position farther away from the median plane of the body or of a structure (ex. The lateral surface of the leg is the outside surface)

  5. Medial: a position closer to the median plane of the body or of a structure • Oblique: at an angle or pertaining to an angle • Superficial: near the surface; not deep • Deep: situated far beneath the surface • Peripheral: situated near the outer areas or surface of a body or structure

  6. Proximal: nearest to the center of the body relative to another body part, or a location on a body part relative to another more distant location • Distal: farthest from the center of the body relative to another body part, or a location on a body part relative to another closer location • Superior: above or directed above • Inferior: below or directed below

  7. Postitional Terms • Caudal: back side of the leg above the carpus and tarsus • Cranial: front side of the leg above the carpus and tarsus • Dorsal: the front side of the leg from the carpus and tarsus distally (what is that again??) • Palmar or volar: the caudal surface of the front leg from the carpus to the phalanges (includes the bottom surface of the front foot)

  8. Plantar: caudal surface of the hind leg from the hock to the phalanges (includes the bottom surface of the hind foot) • Pronation: the act of turning the body or arm so the palm is down • Prone: to lie face down • Recumbent: lying down (modifying this term also tells which way the animal is lying down: ex. Dorsal recumbency= the animal is lying on its back)

  9. Supination: the act of turning the body or arm so the palm is up • Supine: to lie face up

  10. Anatomical Terms • Abdominal: abdomen • Antebrachium: the distal area of the front legs of an animal, below the elbow joint • Appendicular: the limbs and their attachments to the axis of the body • Axial: the head, neck and trunk related to the axis of the body

  11. Axillary: pertaining to the armpit area • Brachial: the proximal area of the front legs of an animal, above the elbow joint • Cervical: the neck area • Coccygeal: the tail or vertebrae of the tail • Cranium: the part of the skill that encases the brain • Crural: the rear legs of an animal • Digital: the area of the foot where the animal’s toes, or toe bones, are located

  12. Frontal: pertaining to the forehead • Inguinal: pertaining to the groin • Lumbar: pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae • Mammary: pertaining to the mammary glands • Nasal: nose • Oral: mouth • Orbital: pertaining to the bony eye socket • Patellar: the patella or kneecap

  13. Pelvic: pertaining to the pelvis or hip bones • Perineal: pertaining to the region between or surrounding the anus and the external genitalia • Peritoneal: pertaining to the cavity inside the abdomen and the membrane that line it • Pleural: the cavity inside the chest and the membranes that line it

  14. Popliteal: the caudal area or back of the true knee (the stifle joint) where the popliteal lymph node is located • Pubic: pertaining to the bone located between the animal’s rear legs, known as the pubic bone • Quadrants: arbitrary divisions of the abdominal cavity into 4 equal sections using the mid-abdominal transverse and medial planes as the dividing lines

  15. Sacral: pertaining to the sacrum, the fused vertebrae by which the pelvis is attached to the backbone • Scapular: the scapula or shoulder blade area • Sternal: the region of the sternum or breastbone • Stifle: the true knee, or femorotibial joint

  16. Thoracic: the thorax or chest • Umbilical: pertaining to the umbilicus or navel (bellybutton) • Vertebral: the vertebrae or spinal column

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