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Adolescence

Adolescence. 13 – 20 years-of-age Really beginning at puberty until early twenties. Adolescent growth spurt. Begins earlier in girls than boys Girls Grow 2” – 8” over adolescence Gain 15 – 55 pounds over adolescence Appropriate amount of fat is required. Boys

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Adolescence

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  1. Adolescence 13 – 20 years-of-age Really beginning at puberty until early twenties

  2. Adolescent growth spurt • Begins earlier in girls than boys • Girls • Grow 2” – 8” over adolescence • Gain 15 – 55 pounds over adolescence • Appropriate amount of fat is required. • Boys • Grow 4” – 12” over adolescence • Gain 16 – 65 pounds over adolescence

  3. Physical growth • Length of extremities and neck • Accidentally knocking over things as they move around become common • Increase in hip & chest breadth “width/size” • Increase in shoulder width • Increase in length and depth of trunk • Outgrow shoes 1st, pants, then shirt.

  4. Identity versus Role confusionErickson (For more see pg 836) • Who am I? • New emotions • New body • New thoughts • A new sense of identity (7th and 8th grade generally is the hardest for kids)

  5. Genital stage Freud • Maturation of reproductive system • Completion of physical growth • Energies invested in • Forming friendships • Preparing for marriage

  6. Formal operational thoughtPiaget • Ability to consider: • Abstract ideas • Various possibilities • The future • Impressed with the power of thought • Naïve, tend to underestimate practical problems in achieving an ideal • Feel the force of their logic will remove any obstacle

  7. Formal operational thought In time of extreme stress or extreme peer pressure the adolescent is likely to abandon rationale thought

  8. Kohlberg- Moral development • 13 years & up • Law & order orientation • Beyond one’s group to larger society • Late adolescence – adulthood (maybe) • Rules are needed to maintain social order but they should not be followed blindly

  9. Relationship with parents • Struggle for freedom • May reject parents • Away from home and family activities • Increasing amount of time with peer group • Confide less in parents • Parents still important

  10. Relationship with best friend • Generally same gender • Closer and more stable than in school-age years • Benefits • Support • Caring • Important in developing intimate relationships in adulthood

  11. Relationship with peer group • To belong is of utmost importance • High risk behavior is increased in groups • “Running a yellow light simulation” • Over 20 years-of-age not much change • Take more risks in groups • Teen crimes usually committed in groups

  12. Characteristics of adolescence • Adolescent egocentrism • Periods of extreme self-absorption • It’s about me!!! • Imaginary audience • Imagines everyone is focused on his/her behavior and appearance • “Everyone is looking at me!!!” • Personal fable • Belief that one’s feelings and experiences are completely unique • “I can drive fast and never get in a wreck!!!”

  13. Adolescent brain • Matures back to front • Emotions mature 1st. • Judgment area of brain is not yet developed. • First, areas controlling vision, hearing, touch, spatial processing • Next, areas that coordinate functions • Last, executive functions • Planning, setting priorities, organizing thoughts, suppressing impulses, weighing consequences

  14. Dental health Eruption of second & third molars May have orthodontic appliances in early adolescence

  15. Nutrition • Well balanced diet with increased amounts of • Calcium for skeletal growth • Iron for expansion of muscle mass & blood volume • Protein for growth • Nutritional needs influenced by • Adolescent growth spurt • Fast foods • Influence of peer group

  16. Sleep • Adolescents require ~ 9 hours of sleep • Melatonin hormone • Influences sleep • Levels elevate later and stay elevated well into the morning during adolescence • Reason they stay up late & sleep late. (Shouldn’t take hardest class early in the morning) • Getting up before biological clock has buzzed • May not get enough REM sleep

  17. Health concerns • Health damaging behaviors leading cause of morbidity and mortality • High risk for injury • Need for independence • Strong need for peer approval • Feeling of indestructibility • Need for discharging energy • Peak incidence for practice and participation in sports

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