INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The Beginning of Productivity

2. VOCABULARY • Industrial Revolution- A time in which people used machinery and new methods (inventions) to increase productivity. • Cottage Industry- Home or village-based industry in which family members supply their own equipment to make goods. • Textiles- woven cloth. • Productivity- is the measure of how much work could be done in a certain length of time.

3. For hundreds of years there was very little change in technology in Europe. People lived and worked with the same simple tools that their ancestors had used. . Little had changed since the time the ancient Romans lived 1,500 years before.

4. In Europe, candles lit homes, animals provided help for transportation, and craftsmen used their skills to make hand-constructed goods in their homes. This is known as a cottage industry. Cottage Industries

5. In a cottage industry, all the members in a household would work at producing a product from natural resources. Even the children learned the traditional trade at a very young age. This one family makes pottery.

6. In this cottage industry, a young girl, her mother and grandmother are working with yarn. They herd sheep and sheer them twice a year. They clean the wool and then dye it different colors. The next step is to spin it so that all the threads stay tight together. Later, they roll it into a ball. The yarn is then knitted into sweaters and socks. The clothing is then traded or sold to people in the village.

7. Even books were written and illustrated by hand. Look at the beautiful writing and illustrations of the pages in the books on the next slides. They are from the Book of Words

9. Industrial Revolution The IR started when people stopped making products at home and started making products faster, cheaper, and better in factories.

10. In the 1780’s life began to change in Europe. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. This was a revolution of inventiveness. The change started slowly, but rapidly began to spread throughout the world.

11. The age of the machine had begun and life would NEVER be the same!

12. The IR began in Great Britain because: Britain had a ready supply of natural resources such as coal and iron. Britain had plenty of raw materials such as wool and imported cotton. Britain also had plenty of people ready to be hired and work the machines (human resources).

13. Many new inventions helped get the Industrial Revolution started Including:

14. Textiles (woven cloth) was the first industry to be moved to factories Spinning Jenny 1764 The Spinning Jenny spun threads faster into plies of 4 to 16 strings. James Hargreaves

15. Cotton Gin1798 • Eli Whitney’s cotton gin removed the seeds out of raw cotton saving time and labor.

17. Steam Engine1775 • The steam engine could be used as a transportation device in trains and ships. • Or to run entire factories that made products. James Watt

18. Steam Engine

19. The inventors discovered that if they mass-produced the products they could make more goods faster. The machines that made these products were powered by coal. The machines were placed in factories. This brought the ideas of factories

20. Factory system Factories were built near areas that had coal deposits where the machines could be powered to make the goods.

22. More people, such as farmers, moved into the cities where the factories were built looking for work. This made everyone wealthier.

23. A new way of living!!!! Now people lived in cities Instead of living in farms and work from home (cottage industries) And they worked in factories

24. Railroads • With the invention of the steam engine, trains and railroads became an efficient way to move people and products across the country.

25. Transcontinental RR • The transcontinental railroad made travel across the country faster, cheaper and more efficient.

26. Trains were used not only for travel but goods were transported as well.

27. In addition to trains, ships could also move goods more quickly with the new engines.

28. Canals • Canals are manmade waterways dug between 2 large bodies of water. They shortened the routes between ports.

29. Erie Canal 1825 The Erie Canal was a short cut from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.

30. Panama Canal • The Panama Canal was a shortcut from the Atlantic to the Pacific (or backwards).

31. Advances in Communication Telegraph 1835 • Samuel Morse invented the telegraph. It communicated using electricity through wires. Depending on how long the button is pressed, is how long the beep is heard. He also created the Morse code, an electronic alphabet.

32. Samuel Morse Morse Code

33. Telephone1876 • Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.

34. Light Bulb1879 • Thomas Edison invented the light bulb which allowed factories to work at night.

35. Edison’s inventions This camera worked as a “video camera” but the movie was made out a series of still pictures put together one right after the other. While viewing, a person's eyes and brain merge the separate pictures together to create the illusion of motion. Motion picture camera 1888

36. Phonograph1857

37. Development of Cities Modern cities began to develop around the new factories.

38. Is it really cheaper now? . Productivity is the measure of how much work could be done in a certain length of time. It now became cheaper to purchase food, clothing etc The more a factory produced, the more products they sold. This made prices go down.

39. A whole new “productive” world • Eventually the industrial revolution spread all over the world. The new technological advances lead to many good things. Cottage Industry Inventions Factories Need for Transportation (RR and shipping to move new products) Standards of Living (workforce changed from agriculture to industrial) Development of Cities