Forging the New Republic

1. Forging the New Republic 1789-1815

2. Washington takes office • As our 1st president, he set several precedents • “Mr. President” • Did not seek a 3rd term • Chose well known leaders to serve in his Cabinet

3. The President’s Cabinet

4. Bill of Rights Passed

5. Judiciary Act • Congress appointed John Jay as Chief Justice and 5 other Supreme Court judges • Also set up a system of district and circuit courts across the nation.

6. Alexander Hamilton, Sec. of Treasury National Bank is good! Sell bonds to pay debts! James Madison Don’t reward speculators! If the southern states paid off their debts, the north should, too! Arguments start over national debt http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22926.pdf http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/prod_ibonds_glance.htm

7. Plans to build the Economy • Hamilton wanted a protective tariffon imported goods • North says YES! • South says NO! • Congress ended up passing a low tariff

8. Two viewpoints on the Constitution • Strict construction – the government should only do what the Constitution specifically says • Loose construction – the government can take any reasonable action not specifically forbidden by the Constitution

9. Compromise • The capitol would be built in the south (Virginia) if the southern states would support Hamilton’s plan.

11. Whiskey Rebellion

13. Washington’s thoughts • The U.S. should remain independent from foreign nations’ disputes. • Avoid the “baneful” effects of political parties…they will only divide you!

14. Rise of Political Parties Democratic Republicans Federalists • Led by Hamilton • Wealthy & educated • should lead • Favored strong central • government • Manufacturing & • trade • Pro-British • YES! to National Bank • Led by Jefferson • Power belongs to • the people • Favored strong state • governments • Farming • Pro-French • NO! to National Bank

15. A glass of champagne, perhaps, before our next beheading? Section 2, Creating a foreign policy • American support for the French Revolution was mixed because of the violence & chaos.

16. Washington issues the Neutrality Proclamation Jefferson Resigns Jefferson v. Hamilton & Adams British seize 250 ships in the French West Indies! Jay Treaty – “give back our ships…and that land you own in the west & our people will pay their debts…”

17. Jay Treaty, or Jay's Treaty, a treaty negotiated and signed in 1794 by John Jay, United States special envoy, and Lord William Grenville, British foreign secretary, to settle mutual grievances.

18. 2nd President – John Adams • John Adams had most votes, became President, Jefferson as runner up became V-P • But they were enemies, so things went from bad to worse! “His Rotundity”

19. XYZ Affair • French diplomats tried to bribe Adams • “Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute!” • Adams kept the U.S. out of the war but lost the support of his party…

20. Frigates THE VESSEL TO BE KNOWN AS “OLD IRONSIDES” SLIDES INTO THE SEA Columbian Centinel, BostonOctober 25, 1797 The powerful new 44-gun frigate, “Constitution,” which would become famous during the War of 1812, is launched in Boston harbor. An eyewitness report reads, in part: “The best judges have pronounced the CONSTITUTION, like her archetype to be a perfect model of elegance, strength, and durability.”

22. Alien and Sedition Acts • The President could expel any alien thought to be dangerous to the country. • Made it illegal to criticize the government or its officials.

23. Jefferson was furious! “They [the Federalists] have brought into the lower house a sedition bill which…is so against the Constitution as to show they mean to pay no respect to it.”

24. Jefferson’s Response • Got Virginia & Kentucky to pass resolutions that said the states could decide whether or not federal law was constitutional.

25. Election of 1800 • Nasty politics (Federalist newspapers claimed that the election of Jefferson would cause the "teaching of "murder robbery, rape, adultery and incest".) • A tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr • So the House chose Jefferson as President.