Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns Introducing Yourself Greeting and Parting

1. Class Session 3b Chapter 2 • Demonstrative Adjectives • Demonstrative Pronouns • Introducing Yourself • Greeting and Parting • Expressing Gratitude and Apologies Japanese 1100-L03b-07-03-2012

2. Demonstrative Adjectives (kono, sono, ano) • A Japanese demonstrative adjective indicates whether the noun it refers to is located near to or far from the speaker (in English they also specify whether or not the noun is singular or plural) • The Japanese demonstrative adjectives are: • kono – within the speaker’s domain (proximal) • sono – within the listener’s domain (medial) • ano - outside both the speaker and listener’s domain (distal) • English uses only the proximal (kono) and distal (ano) forms • kono, sono and ano are adjectives—they only occur before nouns • Examples: • kono kuruma wa karōra desu. This car is a Corrolla. • sono inu wa Akita-inu desu. That dog is an Akita. • ano hito wa maiku-san desu. That person over there is Mike. • kafeteria wa ano tatemono desu. The cafeteria is that building (over there). Japanese 1100-L03b-07-03-2012

3. Demonstrative Pronouns (kore, sore, are) (p28) • A demonstrative pronoun takes the place of a noun (when the noun they replace can be understood from context) and gives the location of the object (in English they also indicate if they are replacing singular or plural words) • The Japanese demonstrative pronouns are: • kore – within the speaker’s domain (proximal) • sore – within the listener’s domain (medial) • are - outside both the speaker and listener’s domain (distal) • English uses only the proximal (kore) and distal (are) forms • kore, sore and are are pronouns—they take the place of nouns • Examples: • ano kuruma wa karōra desu. Are mo karōra desu. • That car is a Corolla. This is also a Corolla • taiikukan wa kore desu. The gym is this one here. • sore wa eiwa-jiten desu. That is an English-Japanese dictionary. Japanese 1100-L03b-07-03-2012

4. Remembering the Difference Between Demonstrative Adjectives and Demonstrative Pronouns • wa marks the topic of a sentence; an adjective cannot be the topic of a sentence. • Therefore we cannot say: • kono wa kuruma desu. • sono wa kuruma desu. • ano wa kuruma desu. • We must say: • kore wa kurama desu. • sore wa kuruma desu. • are wa kuruma desu. • Remember that the ending of the demonstrative adjective ends in “no” and that • means “no ‘wa’ can follow this word” Japanese 1100-L03b-07-03-2012

5. Introducing Yourself • Before introducing yourself to someone you say: hajimemashite (beginning) • to signal your intention to introduce yourself • Then say your name (without –san): sumisu desu. • Then say: yoroshiku (favorably) or dōzo yoroshiku • If the other person says yoroshiku first then you say kochira koso yoroshiku (it is I who should say yoroshiku) • Example: • hajimemashite. • sumisu desu. • dōzo yoroshiku. • Hajimemashite. • tanaka desu. • kochira koso yoroshiku. Japanese 1100-L03b-07-03-2012

6. Greeting and Parting • Greetings: • ohayō gozaimasu good morning • ohayō (less formal) good morning • konnichi wa good afternoon • konban wa good evening • Parting: • ja, mata see you later • ja, shitsurei shimasu well, I’ll be leaving (very polite to superior) • sayōnara good bye Japanese 1100-L03b-07-03-2012

7. Expressing Gratitude and Apologies Gratitude: dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. Thank you very much. dōmo arigatō Thank you dōmo Thanks Replies: iie (no) zenzen (not at all) dō itashimashite (you are welcome) Apologies: dōmo sumimasen I am very sorry sumimasen I am sorry gomen nasai I am sorry (informal) Replies: iie (no; not a big deal) Japanese 1100-L03b-07-03-2012