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The Judges of the Salem Witch Trials

The Judges of the Salem Witch Trials. Kevin Chen, Brandon Kuang, Donovan Le, Emily Lee AP Language & Composition, Period 4 30 November 2007. The Judges of the Salem Witch Trials. Kevin Chen, Brandon Kuang, Donovan Le, Emily Lee AP Language & Composition, Period 4 30 November 2007.

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The Judges of the Salem Witch Trials

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  1. The Judges of the Salem Witch Trials Kevin Chen, Brandon Kuang, Donovan Le, Emily Lee AP Language & Composition, Period 4 30 November 2007

  2. The Judges of the Salem Witch Trials Kevin Chen, Brandon Kuang, Donovan Le, Emily Lee AP Language & Composition, Period 4 30 November 2007

  3. Judge John Hathorne • Born in 1641 • Prominent family • Son of William Hathorne - most powerful magistrate in Salem • Accountant during King Philip's War • Noted merchant and politician • Married 14-year-old Quaker at age 33 • Dominating personality - belief in infallibility

  4. Judge John Hathorne • Appointed justice of the peace & county judge • Highly religious • Took accusations seriously • Believed the devil used witches to undermine church • Chief magistrate in Salem • Appointed to Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692

  5. Judge John Hathorne • Issued warrants with Judge Corwin:Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, Tituba, Martha Corey • Biased, accusative approach • Tried to trick people into confessing • Did not fear those accused; strangely calm • Possible financial gains from seizures of properties • Never repented falsely condemning innocent • Died at 76 • Great great grandson Nathaniel changed name to Hawthorne

  6. Magistrate Samuel Sewall • Born March 28th, 1652, in Hampshire, England. •  Emigrated to Boston, Massachusetts in 1661 • Attended Harvard • Also entered local politics (gained position in the judicary) • Only judge to publicly apologize (regret his role in the Salem trials) • Very liberal

  7. Magistrate Samuel Sewall • The Selling of Joseph • Kept a personal diary from 1673 to 1729 • Appointed Chief Justice of Massachusetts in 1717 • Married three times in his life: Hannah Hull (1676-1717); Abigail Tilley (1719); Mary Gibbs (1722-1730) • Died January 1st, 1730, at the age of 77, in Boston

  8. Colonel Nathaniel Saltonstall • Born in Ipswich, Massachusetts circa 1639 • First in his family to graduate from Harvard University (in 1659) • On December 29th, 1663, married Elizabeth Ward • Two children; Elizabeth and Gurdon Saltonstall • in addition to being in the town judiciary service, also member of local military • earned rank of colonel 

  9. Colonel Nathaniel Saltonstall • Considered one of the more principled men of his time • Appointed as judge because of involvement in the courts and good reputation • Resigned from the Court of Oyer and Terminer • "displeased with the handling of the Bishop case“ • "very much dissatisfied with the proceedings“ • Died May 21st, 1707, in Haverhill, Massachusetts at age 68

  10. Judge Jonathan Corwin • Born 1640 • wealthy New England merchant • Married Elizabeth Gibbs at 32, ten children •  Originally dealt with petty crimes (drunkenness, burglary) • 1692: Appointed to Court Court of Oyer and Terminer • First to examine accused • Replaced Nathaniel Saltonstall

  11. Judge Jonathan Corwin • Issued most warrants (/w hathorne) • Left no written records (no clear opinion)  • Refrained from arresting mother-in-law • Corwin House - Only structure left  • Home turned into museum for public • Died at 78

  12. Thomas Danforth • Born 1622 • married Mary Withington at 22 • had 12 children, 2 daughters survived to adulthood • owned 15,000 acres • later become the town of Framingham • Treasurer of Harvard at 28 • Deputy governor Massachusetts at 57

  13. Thomas Danforth • President of Maine at 58, 67 • not a judge, occasionally present • present at Elizabeth  hearing • Strongly against witches, condemned them • in Superior Court of Judicature (after Oyer dissolved) • Died at 77

  14. William Stoughton • Born in 1631 • Military commander, politician, and businessman • Attended Harvard – Divinity • Served as preacher • Chief Justice of Oyer and Terminer • Defended spectral evidence

  15. William Stoughton • Vehemently wanted convictions • Violated many standard court rules • Suffered little political damage • 1694 – Became Governor • Refused to apologize • Died – July 7, 1701

  16. Governor William Phips • Born – February 2, 1651 • Ship carpentry apprentice • Late learner • Trade captain – New England & West Indies • Found Spanish gold – knighted • First Governor of Massachusetts (Cotton Mather)

  17. Governor William Phips • Set up Oyer and Terminer • Kept in regular contact and command • Lady Mary Phips (wife) • October 1692 – changed court standards • Dissolved Oyer and Terminer • Died – February 1693

  18. THE QUIZ • What did Judge Hathorne see as his main objective in his interrogations? • Which judge was the only judge to publicly apologize? • Which judge had no formal law experience whatsoever? • Which person had his wife pulled into the witch hunt? • Who was the accused witched that Stoughton would not let be acquitted? To convince people to confess Samuel Sewall William Stoughton Governor William Phips Rebecca Nurse

  19. Works Cited Arrington, Benjamin. Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1922. Blumberg, Jess. " A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials." Smithsonian.com. 24 Oct 2007. Smithsonian Institution. 26 Nov 2007 <http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/brief-salem.html?c=y&page=1>. Champion, Claire. "Writing Salem: From Puritan Village to Witches Mecca."  Writing Place.  7 June 2007.  University of Sydney.  26 November 2007 <http://blogs.usyd.edu.au/writingplace/Writing%20%20Salem.doc>. Dignan, Brendan.  "Governor, Sir William Phips."  Salem Witch Trials: Documentary Archive and Transcription Project.    2001.  University of Virginia.  29 November 2007 <http://www.iath.virginia.edu/salem/people/phips.html>. Gribben, Mark. "The Magistrates." Crime Library. CourtTV. 26 Nov 2007 <http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/not_guilty/salem_witches/4.html>. Hill, Frances.  Such Men are Dangerous: The Fanatics of 1962 and 2004.  Massachusetts: Upper Access, Inc. Book Publishers, 2004. "John Hathorne."  The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692.  University of Missouri-Kansas City.  26 November 2007  <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BHAT.HTM>. Kirk, Devan.  "John Hathorne."  Salem Witch Trials: Documentary Archive and Transcription Project.  2001.  University of Virginia.  26 November 2007 < http://iath.virginia.edu/salem/people/j_hathorne.html>. Mayer, Kelly. "Governor, Sir William Phips" Salem Witch Trials Important Persons.     The University of Virginia. 29 Nov 2007 <http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu>. Moody, Robert. The Saltonstall Papers, Vol. I: 1607-1789 Mulford, Carla.  "Samuel Sewall (1652-1730)."  Georgetown University.  27 November 2007 <http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/bassr/heath/syllabuild/iguide/sewall.html>.

  20. Works Cited, Cont. Roach, Marilynne K. The Salem Witch Trials "Samuel Sewall."  The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692.  University of Missouri-Kansas City.  26 November 2007 < http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BSEW.HTM>. "The Selling of Joseph."  Africans in America.  PBS.  26 November 2007 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1h301t.html>. "Sir William Phips (1651-1695)." Governors of Massachusetts.    Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 29 November 2007. <http://www.mass.gov/>. “Sir William Phips."  The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692.  University of Missouri-Kansas City.      29 November 2007 <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BPHI.HTM>. Sutter, Tim. "Salem Witch Trials Timeline." Salem Witch Trials. Siteclopedia Network. 26 Nov 2007 <http://www.salemwitchtrials.com/timeline.html>. Waters, Henry. The New England Historical and Genealogical Register. XXIII. Boston: The Society, 1869. "William Stoughton (1631-1701)." Governors of Massachusetts.    Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 29 November 2007. <http://www.mass.gov/>. "William Stoughton."  The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692.  University of Missouri-Kansas City.      29 November 2007 < http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BSTO.HTM>. Zeveloff, Julie. "William Stoughton: Chief Justice of the Court of Oyer and Terminer." Salem Witch Trials Important Persons. The University of Virginia. 29 Nov 2007 <http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu>.

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