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War in Europe

War in Europe. NonAggression pact. Hitler and Stalin Agree to divide poland USSR could take over finland , lithuania , Latvia, Estonia. Hitler starts the War. Sept 1 1939 Germany Invades poland Sept 3, 1939 Britain and France declare war on Germany. Germany’s Lightning Attack.

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War in Europe

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  1. War in Europe

  2. NonAggression pact • Hitler and Stalin • Agree to divide poland • USSR could take over finland, lithuania, Latvia, Estonia

  3. Hitler starts the War • Sept 1 1939 • Germany Invades poland • Sept 3, 1939 • Britain and France declare war on Germany

  4. Germany’s Lightning Attack • New military strategy • Blitzkrieg - “lightning war” • fast moving planes and tanks • Massive infantry forces • Poland falls quickly • Germany annexes western half

  5. Soviets move in • Sept 17 • Stalin enters Eastern half of Poland • Annexes Estonia, Lithuania, latvia • Finland resists • Winter battles • March 1940 sheer force of numbers • Finland surrenders

  6. Phony war • French and British mobilize along Maginot line

  7. Maginot Line

  8. Phony War cont. • April 9, 1940 • “sitting war” ends • Hitler attacks Denmark and Norway • Denmark falls in 4 hours • Norway surrenders in 2 months • Build bases to attack Britain

  9. Fall of France • May 10, 1940 • Germans Advance • Netherlands (Holland) • Belgium • Luxembourg

  10. Germany attacks France through Ardennes forest • Border w/Belgium • Avoided Maginot line • Pushed allied troops to port city of Dunkirk • Germans stopped - Why?

  11. Rescue at Dunkirk • Great Britain sends fleet of ships to evacuate allied forces • Every ship available • Air support • May 26 – june 4 • Saved 338,000 soldiers

  12. France Falls • June 14 – Germans take Paris • June 22, 1940 – French leaders surrender – sign Armistice • Germans take control of Northern France • Vichy government – puppet • Charles de Gaulle • Sets up Free French army & gov’t in London

  13. US Involvement • Franklin d. Roosevelt denounces aggressors • Us followed policy of isolationism • Passed neutrality Acts • Prevented us from taking sides • Fear of getting drawn into war • Economic reasons of wwi

  14. Battle of Britain • Winston Churchill • “We shall never surrender” • Hitler’s plan • Knock out Royal air force (RAF) • Land 250,000 soldiers

  15. B. Of Br. Cont. • Summer 1940 • Luftwaffe – begins bombing British airfields and aircraft factories • Sept 7 – begin bombing London • Break morale British never waver

  16. RAf fights back • Radar • Enigma – code breaking machine • Germans turned to night bombings • Sept 1940 – Hitler targets cities • Allows RAF to rebuild and fight back • End of sept – hitler postpones invasion • Nazis could be blocked

  17. Mediterranean • Focus on Northern Africa • Mussolini vs. British in Egypt • Feb 1941, Br. Swept across N. Africa • Taken 130,000 Italian prisoners • AfrikaKorps • Erwin Rommel “Desert fox” • Defeats British in Egypt

  18. Hitler breaks nonaggression pact • Hitler plans to invade soviet union • Plans for attack in spring 1941 • Delayed because of problems in the balkans

  19. Balkans • Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary join Axis powers (’41) • Yugoslavia, Greece resist • April 1941 – Hitler invades both • Both fall within 3 weeks

  20. Why Attack USSR? • Hitler was convinced that British were expecting soviet support • Only reason GB was still in war • Hitler believed Soviet Union had a pitiful army • Could be defeated quickly

  21. Soviet union • Operation Barbarossa • June 22, 1941 Hitler invades USSR • Soviets not prepared • Scorched earth • 2 months – 2 million Soviet soldiers captured

  22. Leningrad • By Nov. City cut off from rest of soviet union • Hitler tries to starve entire city • City refuses to fall • 1,000,000 died

  23. Moscow • Hitler impatient • Turns to moscow • Counterattacked by Soviets • Hitler orders “No retreat” • Lines dug in 125 miles west of moscow • 1 ½ years

  24. The weather changes • Early winter and soviet resistance cause problems • Halted German advance in November • German’s unprepared to fight in winter • December 1941 – Soviets

  25. Here Comes America • 1939 – President fdr asks congress to allow sale of weapons to Allies • Cash and carry • Must pay in cash • Transport on own ships

  26. March 1941 – Lend-Lease Act • Lend or lease goods vital to US • US Navy escorted ships • Hitler ordered subs to sink ships

  27. Atlantic Charter • Upheld free trade among nations • right of people to choose own gov’t • Sept 4 1941 – German u-boat fired on US ship • Fdr authorized navy to fire on germans • Unoffical entrance into wwII

  28. Back to Africa • British and Montgomery • Americans and Eisenhower • Operation Torch • Catch rommel’sAfrikankorps in between • Defeated may 1943

  29. Battle of Stalingrad • Aug 23, 1942 • Luftwaffe night bombings • Stalin refused to surrender • Germans controlled 90% of city • Winter sets in • Soviets outside city counterattack • Feb 2, 1943 • Germans surrendered

  30. Italy • 1943 - Allied forces invade Sicily • July 25 King Victor Emmanuel III orders Mussolini arrested • Sept 3 Italy signs armistice w/allies • September – Germans invade • puppet government w/Mussolini

  31. Victory in Europe • Operation overlord • Invasion of France • Eisenhower commander • Set-up dummy army to look like invasion at Calais • Hitler convinced

  32. D-Day • June 6, 1944 • Allied forces Landed at Normandy • Led by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower • Supreme allied commander

  33. Stormed fortified beaches • 2700 Americans dies one day • Held beaches • 1,000,000 additional troops landed

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