Cold War in Europe

2. Cold War in Europe Cold War – conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. No actual military conflict (democracy v. communism)

3. Cold War in Europe • Eastern European nations fall to communism after WWII • Known as the “Communist Bloc” or Soviet Bloc • Containment • U.S. policy of stopping the spread of communism to other nations

4. Economic Aid 3. Truman Doctrine (1947) • Military & economic aid to nations fighting communist threat (Greece & Turkey)

5. 4. Marshall Plan (1947) U.S. aid to war torn nations in WesternEurope to help stop the spread of communism ($24 billion in aid)

6. Economic Aid 5. Berlin Airlift (1948) • After Soviet blockade into West Berlin, Truman orders an airlift of supplies into West Berlin (located in East Germany) • Lasts approximately 9 months before Soviets lift blockade

7. Image of the Berlin Airlift

8. The Cold War 6. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) • Alliance of Democratic nations in response to Soviet threat • 1stpeace time entangling alliance for the U.S. 7. Warsaw Pact – Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania

9. Cold War in Asia • China • Mao Zedong and the Communists take control of China • U.S.S.R. supports the Chinese Communists with military aid • U.S. supports democratic leader Chiang Kai-Shek, who flees to Taiwan

11. The Soviet Union: Atomic Bomb test (1949) • Soviets explode their atomic bomb • 1952: U.S. explodes hydrogen bomb (H-bomb) • Soviets explode an H-bomb in 1953 • Beginning of an arms race

12. Hot War in Asia: KOREAN WAR • Japan loses Korea after WWII • U.S. & U.S.S.R. agree to split Korea @ the 38th parallel line • U.S. withdraw & the United Nations take over S. Korea • Communists attack South Korea from North Korea

14. Hot War in Asia: KOREAN WAR • Truman does not declare war – he uses power of the Commander in Chief to send troops into a “police action” • United Nations calls for a limited war • McArthur disagrees & pushes communists all the way to the border with China

15. Hot War in Asia: KOREAN WAR • MacArthur wants to invade China, but Truman says “NO” • MacArthur ignores Truman and is fired! • The Korean War ends as a stalemate No land exchanges hands; no concessions made

16. Cold War & ContainmentEisenhower Administration 1. Domino Theory • Belief that if one country fell to communism it would set off a chain reaction 2. SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organization • Alliance similar to NATO which developed between U.S, England, Japan, France (Indochina), Thailand, Australia, Philippines

17. Cold War & ContainmentEisenhower Administration 3. Eisenhower Doctrine • Send troops to any Middle Eastern nation that wanted help to fight communism

18. Cold War & ContainmentEisenhower Administration 4. Sputnik • satellite – launched by USSR • Shocked the U.S. • Caused education spending increase for sciences and for the space race

19. Image of Sputnik.

20. The Cold War 5. U-2 Spy Incident • U.S. plane shot down while spying on the Soviet Union • Pilot was exchanged for Soviet spy • Khrushchev cancels summit in response

21. Cold War Events - at Home 1946 Truman starts loyalty checks through the FBI (3 million gov’t workers investigated) 1. McCarthyism • Use of unsupported accusations to intimidate people • Senator Joseph McCarthy (R) from Wisconsin claims there are some 205 communists in the state department

22. Cold War Events - at Home • Became very popular with public, listened to him on the radio • McCarthy attacks so-called communism in the U.S. military • Condemned by the Senate, led to his downfall

23. Laws Passed to Restrict Communist Activities 2. Smith Act – made it illegal to join the Communist Party 3. McCarren-Walter Act – Communist organizations must register & disclose financial statements as well as no more communists can enter this country (from Eastern Europe and USSR)

24. Laws Passed to Restrict Communist Activities 4. House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • led by Richard Nixon (future president). Those accused of communist activities had to testify in front of the House of Representatives

25. The Rosenberg Case (1953) • Julius & Ethel Rosenberg were accused and convicted of passing secrets about the atomic bomb to the Soviets • The evidence against them was circumstantial (weak) • Both were executed in 1953

26. Photograph of Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

27. At Home: Life & Culture of the 1950s • G.I. Bill – war veterans are given money for college or housing B. Baby Boom – dramatic increase in birth rates following WWII – population explosion C. Suburbs grow due to increased demand in housing

28. Suburban Sprawl

29. At Home: Life & Culture of the 1950s d. Americans begin buying consumer goods at a fast rate! Rise of Rock n’ Roll – music featured heavy rhythms, simple melodies & lyrics about love, cars and the problems of being young

31. At Home: Life & Culture of the 1950s e. Car culture increases – an abundance of gasoline, raw materials and easy credit allowed car sales to jump to from 6.7 million cars sold in 1950 to 7.9 million sold in 1955 f. Drive-in movies!

33. Government Policies Truman’s Domestic Policy – called Fair Deal • Minimum wage increases to $0.75 • Increase in social security coverage • Funding for low income housing

34. Government Policies Eisenhower’s Domestic Policy • Favors business • Creates interstate highwaysystem • Establishes Dept of Health, Education & Welfare