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Music: An Appreciation 8 th Edition by Roger Kamien

Music: An Appreciation 8 th Edition by Roger Kamien . Unit IV 巴洛克時期 1600-1750. Presentation Development: Robert Elliott University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. Chpt. 3: 大協奏曲與 Ritornello 形式. Concerto Grosso. For small group of soloists and orchestra. Multi-movement work.

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Music: An Appreciation 8 th Edition by Roger Kamien

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  1. Music: An Appreciation8th Editionby Roger Kamien Unit IV 巴洛克時期 1600-1750 Presentation Development: Robert Elliott University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff

  2. Chpt. 3:大協奏曲與Ritornello形式 • Concerto Grosso • For small group of soloists and orchestra • Multi-movement work • Usually 3 movements • Fast • Slow (usually quieter) • Fast (sometimes dance-like)

  3. Chpt. 3: 大協奏曲與Ritornello形式 • Ritornello • Frequently used in 1st & last movements of concerto grosso • Theme repeatedly presented in fragments • Contrast between solo sections and tutti

  4. Listening Brandenberg Concerto No. 5 in D major by Johann Sebastian Bach • For string orchestra and group of soloists • Soloists: flute, violin, and harpsichord • First movement • Ritornello form • Listening Guide p. 167 • Brief Set, CD 1:60

  5. Chpt. 9: 巴洛克奏鳴曲 • 多樂章之器樂曲 • 器樂 • 三重奏鳴曲 (trio sonatas) • 三重樂譜線:兩重高及一個數字低音 • 三重奏鳴曲往往有四位樂器演奏家 • 教堂奏鳴曲 (da chiesa，即 church sonata)高貴 • 室奏鳴曲 (da camera，即chamber sonata) 更富舞蹈意味

  6. Arcangelo Corelli (柯賴里 ) Trio Sonata in A Minor, Op.3 No. 10 by Arcangelo Corelli For 2 violins and basso continuo Listening Guide: p. 154 Supplementary Set, CD 1:2 Note: Polyphonic texture Multi movement work Contrast between movements

  7. Chpt. 11: Antonio Vivaldi (威瓦第) • 巴洛克時期義大利大師 • 人稱為「紅神父」(il prete rosso) • 擔任Pieta威尼斯一所孤兒院或私生女收容所教授音樂 • 女士出席教堂管絃樂和聲樂的音樂會，他們置身於一處頂層迴廊，以一道格子式的鐵製品區隔。 • Wrote sacred and secular vocal and instrumental music • Famous as a virtuoso violinist & composer

  8. Francesco Guardi: Ladies Concert at the Phiharmonic Hall, 1782

  9. Chpt. 11-Antonio Vivaldi Listening Vivaldi，<春> (Spring), 取自《四季》(Four Seasons) (1725) Listening Guide: p. 158 Concerto for violin and string orchestra Note: Polyphonic texture & ritornello form Baroque program music Descriptive effects (e.g., bird songs)

  10. Chpt. 12: Johann Sebastian Bach (巴哈) • Organist and violinist • 日耳曼，巴洛克音樂的高峰 • Deeply religious (Lutheran) • Worked in sacred and secular positions • Weimar/Cothen/Leipzig • Large family • 巴哈被公認為是最出色的風琴演奏家、大鍵琴演奏家 • 以歌劇除外之巴洛克形式創作 • Recognized for technical mastery • 展現一種令人驚奇的和諧加對位法的嫻雅 • All music majors study Bach’s compositions • He is the model for learning to write music

  11. Chpt. 4: Fugue 賦格曲 • 多聲部織體作曲形式 • 主要是器樂、聲樂、獨奏或合奏 • Subject • 主要的主題 • 模仿主題的方式出現 • 每聲部在前一聲部演唱主題後進入

  12. Chpt. 4-The Fugue Listening C小調賦格 by J. S. Bach • Note individual voice entry on same melody (subject) • Listening Guide p. 109 • Brief Set, CD 1:65

  13. Chpt. 13: 巴洛克組曲 • 係由一系列舞蹈引發的樂章 • 多樂章樂曲 • 組曲的樂章通常是二段體自行反複—AABB • 組曲通常以「非」舞蹈之序曲開始 • 「法國序曲」(French overture)通常是二間體 • 首先以充滿莊嚴與壯麗的附點節奏呈現一個緩慢的部分 • 第二個部分是快速而較輕巧氣氛，以類似賦格的形式起頭。 • Forerunner of forms used in the next period

  14. Chpt. 13-The Baroque Suite Listening Suite No. 3 in D Major (~1730) by J. S. Bach, 2nd, 4th, & 5th mvts. Listening Guide: p. 171 Basic Set, CD 2:33, 35, 37 Note: Extensive polyphony Contrast of dance forms and tempo in various movements

  15. Chpt. 14: Chorale 聖詠與Church Cantata教會清唱套曲 • 路德教會星期日的禮拜是該週的社交大事 • 持續約四小時，講道一小時。 • 音樂是路德教會禮拜的重頭戲 • 唱聖詠是讓會眾直接參與禮拜 • 聖詠(chorale): 或者聖詩調，是以地方語唱出 • 教會清唱套曲(cantata) • 通常是為合唱團、聲部獨唱、風琴及一個小型管絃樂團 • 地方語宗教文句 • 使用詠嘆調、二重唱與朗誦調，和當時的歌劇非常相似

  16. Chpt. 14-The Chorale and Church Cantata Listening Cantata No. 140:《醒來吧，有一聲音在呼喚我們》(Wachet Auf, Ruft Uns Die Stimme) by J. S. Bach (1731), Movements 1, 4, & 7 Listening Guides: p. 177 Basic Set, CD 2:39, 42, 45 Note: Vernacular (German) text Chorale tune basis Polyphonic until chorale in movement 7 Movement 7—provides for congregation to join in

  17. Chpt. 16-George Frederic Handel Listening Handel，Messiah, Sinfonia 序曲

  18. Chpt. 15: 神劇(Oratorio) • 與歌劇一般: • 融合了合唱團、聲樂獨唱，以及管絃樂團的大規模創作 • 一系列的合唱、詠嘆調、二重唱、朗誦調，以及管絃樂團演奏之間奏曲所組成。 • 異於歌劇之處: • 他沒有表演、佈景或戲服 • 依據聖經故事創作 • 不是為了禮拜而作 • 現今，他們在音樂廳或教會演出

  19. Chpt. 16: George Frederic Handel (韓德爾) • 出生於德國Halle，只比Bach早一個月 • 並非出身音樂世家 • 父親希望兒子學習法律 • Studied music in Germany, then to Italy to study opera, finally England to work • Became England’s most important composer • 創作了不少具相當水準的歌劇 in London • 經營了一所歌劇院韓德爾為其音樂總監 • Worked as composer, performer, & impresario • Buried in Westminster Abbey

  20. Chpt. 16-George Frederic Handel Listening Handel，Sinfonia Recitative: Comfort ye <每座山谷都是要被提高>(Every Valley Shall Be Exalted)，凡自高的， 必降為卑； 自卑的， 必升為高。 取自《彌賽亞》 Listening Guide: p. 187 Basic Set, CD 2:50 For Unto Us A Child Is Born Listening Guide: p. 189 Basic Set CD 2:52 Hallelujah Chorus Listening Guide: p. 190 Basic Set CD 2:54

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