Communism spreads in East Asia

1. Communism spreads in East Asia Ch 15 Sec 3

2. Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi) vs. Mao Zedong

3. 1949 – Rise of Communist China In June, Jiang Jieshi defeated by Mao Oct 1, Mao proclaims People’s Republic of China (PRC)

4. How the Communists Won • Mao Zedong Triumphed for many reasons: 1) He won the support of the huge peasant population. 2) The Nationalist Party lost support. 3) Widespread support of Communists helped them to gain rail lines and surround Nationalist-held cities.

5. Mao held office from 1945 to 1976

6. Mao Changes Chinese Society • Mao built a communist one-party totalitarian state in the People’s Republic of China. • The gov’t seized properties-both rural & urban. • Opponents were killed, beaten or sent to labor camps.

7. Mao Makes Changes Con’td • W/Soviet help China built new dams and factories. • Mao called for collectivization (the forced pooling of peasant land & labor) in attempt to increase productivity.

8. Great Leap Forward (GLF) • 1958-1960 Mao led a failed program called the Great Leap Forward. • The goal was to increase farm & industrial output.

9. Great Leap Forward • The Great Leap Forward was a horrible failure-it produced low quality goods, there was no incentive & weather became a problem. • 55 Million thought to have starved to death

11. Cultural Revolution • 1966 Mao launched the Cultural Revolution. • The goal was to purge China of “bourgeoisie” tendencies. • The accused were publicly humiliated or beaten & sometimes killed. • With a decline of skilled people China’s economy slows yet again…

12. A painting depicting Mao Zedong with the Red Guards.

13. The “Little Red Book” • A collection of Mao’s quotations

14. Catching Up • Relations sour between China & USSR • United States Attempts to improve relations with China in order to isolate the USSR. We “play the China card”

16. The Korean War

17. Containment • Containment: a policy to stop the spread of communism or to contain communism.

18. 38th Parallel • When WWII ended Korea became divided at the 38th Parallel. • The Soviets supplied North Korea w/tanks, airplanes & money.

19. 38th Parallel

20. North Korea Attacks South Korea • June 25th, 1950 North Korea swept across the 38th Parallel into South Korea. • W/in days North Korea had moved deep into South Korea. • Link 25:00

22. The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]

23. North Korea Attacks Cont’d • The U.S. Policy of Containment was being tested • South Korea asked the UN for help. • 15 Nations led by MacArthur went to South Korea to help stop the invasion.

24. Profile: General Douglas MacArthur Born 1880, father was successful army officer Trained @ West Point, top military school Fought in WWI, 13 medals for bravery Became younger Colonel in US Army in (F) 1930: Became Chief of Staff of Army In WWII commanded allied forces in southern Pacific. Devised successful island-hopping campaign 1945: Personally accepted (J) surrender 1945-51 ruled (J) as commander of occupation Bullying, no-nonsense style got things done Sometimes annoyed political leaders by not following orders 1950: @ age 70 given command of UN forces in Korea 1951: Relieved of command for criticizing Truman’s desire to limit war in Korea Failed to get Republican nomination for ’52 election 1964: Died

25. North Korea Advances but… • By September 1950 North Korea controlled the entire Korean peninsula except for a tiny area around Pusan in the far southeast, the “Pusan perimeter.” • That same month MacArthur launched a surprise invasion.. • Troops came north from Pusan and from an amphibious landing from Inchon.

26. North Korea Retreats • The amphibious landing led by MacArthur was a huge success. • UN troops push all the way to the Yalu River Soldiers entering South Korea at Inchon ->

27. Korean War[1950-1953]

28. China feels threatened! • China sends 300,000 troops into Korea

29. China Pushes Back • The Chinese greatly outnumber the UN forces. • By Jan. 1951 they pushed the UN out of Northern Korea & then captured the capital, Seoul.

31. Stalemate July 1953 Armistice signed Technically, the US/UN are still fighting NK US 2nd Infantry Division still stationed on De-Militarized Zone (DMZ) on the border of the two Koreas Peace (?)

32. Casualties in the Korean War

33. QW How does this image illustrate the negatives of communism 2 Min