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Brian Lintner 26 May 05

LISTENING. Brian Lintner 26 May 05. Part I – The Mechanics of words. Part II – The use of words in an assault case. Breakdown…. Ground Rules. Bias is not permitted Respect & Consistency (Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative). Don’t try this at home!. Communication Process. Verbal

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Brian Lintner 26 May 05

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  1. LISTENING Brian Lintner 26 May 05

  2. Part I – The Mechanics of words Part II – The use of words in an assault case. Breakdown…

  3. Ground Rules • Bias is not permitted • Respect & Consistency (Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative) Don’t try this at home!

  4. Communication Process • Verbal • The words we choose to use • Primarily passes facts or opinions. • Vocal • How we say those words • Supports words and non-verbal • Non-verbal • The posture, gesture & movements we make while talking • Shows attitudes and feelings

  5. Facts About Communication Sleep Sleeps Sleeping Slept Sleeping-pills Sleeper • Oxford English Dictionary • 171,476 words • 74,156 obsolete words • 9,500 words = sub-entries • ½ of these words are nouns • ¼ are adjectives • 1/7 are verbs • The rest are interjections

  6. Information Passage • 7% of message = verbal • The average person’s vocabulary is 5 – 6k words. • 38% of message = vocal • 55% of message = non-verbal • 93% of communication is NON-VERBAL

  7. Processing words • Listeners are easily distracted – we tend to hear what we EXPECT others to say. • Our brain: 500 wpm processing. • Speaking: 125 wpm – lots of time for the listener to “tune out”. • Good typist: 60 wpm. • Handwrite: 20 wpm.

  8. More facts About Communication • 75% of oral communication is ignored, misunderstood, and quickly forgotten. • Words have different meanings for people. • Speakers are often unaware of their own emotions.

  9. Personal Evaluation Effects • Halo – we exaggerate a person’s ability because we are pleased with one aspect of their overall character. • Horn – we exaggerate… displeased with one aspect of their overall character. • Contrast – last person I listened to was horrible – the next must be “godlike!”

  10. Influences… • Primacy - Initial judgement is made, and then information is sought to support that judgement. • Recency – the most recent information we hear influences our most recent findings. • Negativity • we tend to be negative. • Must search for more positive or neutral (politically correct?) information.

  11. Influences… con’t • Similar-to-me • Dissimilar-to-me • Demographic effects • Physical attractiveness • Personal liking

  12. How to avoid bias… • Avoid first impression biases. • Be aware of varieties of behaviours. • Do not assume “normalcy.” Your “normalcy is likely different than the person sitting next to you. • What the speaker is saying is logical in their mind.

  13. Social Introduction • The rules of etiquette apply in everyday life – as they do in writing. I can introduce: • My partner, Shannon. • My partner. • Shannon. • The other half. • Shannon is my wife. • My better half; and not • The old lady.

  14. “Me, my wife, and two sons, and one daughter…”

  15. I, ME, MY • WE • You • S/he • They • It was done... (= passive language) • none – ‘got up, went to work, sat at the desk’ • Using their own name

  16. Structure of a Story • Introduction 30% • Main issue 50% • Conclusion 20%

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