APCD-AIIA Joint Public Forum 29 October 2009

1. Assisting Disrupted States: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects Social Development and Humanitarian Aspects Alison Chartres APCD-AIIA Joint Public Forum29 October 2009

2. Scope of Presentation • The Challenges • Approaches: Humanitarian Action • Social Development • Transition • Lessons • Measures

3. A disrupted state...the challenges • Recent or current conflict • Divisions along ethnic, religious, regional lines • Humanitarian needs • Displaced communities • Absence of the rule of law • Former combatants – DDR imperative

4. Low resource capacity of the state, low accountability • Ineffective service delivery by state authorities • Destroyed or deteriorated infrastructure • Mistrust within and between communities • Outstanding reconciliation needs • High unemployment, limited economic opportunities • High expectations

5. Humanitarian Action • Guiding Framework of International Humanitarian Law, related conventions, codes and standards. • The Humanitarian Imperative • The right to receive humanitarian assistance, and to offer it, is a fundamental humanitarian principle which should be enjoyed by all citizens of all countries • Principles of Humanity, Neutrality and Impartiality • Requires enabling environment for unimpeded access to affected populations

6. Humanitarian Action • Basic needs including security, shelter, food, water and sanitation • Displaced populations – support, facilitate dignified return and reintegration • Protection of Civilians

7. UN DPA NEW YORK UNHQ NEW YORK HOST NATION NATIONAL GOVERNMENT Pol Head • Political Affairs • Legal Affairs • Special Assistant UN DPKO NEW YORK REBEL FACTION(S) POLITICAL LEADERSHIP Deputy Pol Head UN LSD NEW YORK OHCHR GENEVA UNHCR GENEVA HOST NATION REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS HOST NATION MILITARY REBEL FACTION(S) REGIONAL LEADERSHIP REBEL FACTION(S) MILITARY ChiefAdministrative Officer Human Rights Division Humanitarian Affairs Coordination Electoral Division Information Division Force Commander Police Commissioner HOST NATION FORMATIONS HOST NATION LOCAL GOVTS COUNTRY DIRECTOR OHCHR PERSONAL/ ADVISORY STAFF REBEL FACTION(S) FORMATIONS UN OCHA REBEL FACTION(S) LEADERHIP UN CIVPOL CONTINGENT Chief of Administrative Services Chief of Integrated Supt Services HOST NATION UNITS HOST NATION POPULATION PROMOTION GROUP PROTECTION GROUP TECHNICAL SUPPORT GROUP LIAISON GROUP ADMIN SERVICES GP REBEL FACTION(S) UNITS POLICE TRAINING UNIT SECTOR NORTH SECTOR SOUTH SECTOR EAST SECTOR WEST Personnel Engineering/ Facilities Management INDIGENOUS TRAINING SECTOR NORTH LEGAL SRSG LIAISON CIMIC UNHCR UNICEF WFP UNDP WHO Finance AssetsManagement STATION STATION STATION STATION PARTNER TRAINING SECTOR SOUTH FORENSIC FORCE COMD LIAISON STATION STATION STATION STATION Procurement Transport IN-HOUSE TRAINING SECTOR EAST INVESTI-GATIONS CIVPOL COMLIAISON STATION STATION STATION MP STATION General Admin Services Comms and ADP STATION SECTOR WEST ANALYSIS LIAISON POOL STATION STATION STATION STATION Can be a very busy ‘space’ Inter Humanitarian UN & its Headquarters Host Gov& Military Foreign Military and Police Rebels &Military Village Auth Local Powers Local Gov National Gov

8. Social Development • Recognise development as a process not an outcome • Accountability - for timely and effective support • Adapt support to local context • Respect community resilience and coping strategies • Promote local ownership and capacity, empower communities and civil society representatives • Build trust and confidence

9. Social Development • Rule of Law • Basic services • Basic infrastructure • Community rehabilitation, restoration • Peace dividends • Reconciliation • Information and communication

10. Humanitarian needs in disrupted states do not end with the signing of a peace agreement and the ‘end’ of hostilities • Transition from humanitarian to development is critical

11. “Poorly managed transitions can jeopardise the peace dividend as well as protract dependency and weaken state institutions… In transition, food aid and other life-saving interventions are comparatively better funded, while other sectors that may also provide a key bridge between relief and development, such as water, health, sanitation, agriculture, education, the rule of law and good governance, remain chronically under-funded…” UN OCHA 2008

12. Lessons • No clear line of demarcation between humanitarian action and social development activities • Maintain a focus on humanitarian needs during development planning and implementation phases • Take care when transitioning between phases of support • Balance attention to rebuilding of the state with the humanitarian, peacebuilding and social development needs

13. Empower Communities • Promote the State-Citizen Contract • Promote the role of Women, Youth and other target groups in social development • Integrate peacebuilding approaches

14. Apply sufficient timeframes and an appropriate pace • Don’t risk program effectiveness and long-term objectives with haste • Tailor activities to the local environment, culture and societal approaches as appropriate

15. Return and reintegrate displaced populations - a humanitarian and a social development issue • Approach Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration with proper planning • Help to build trust • Promote equity • Do No Harm

16. Support state and non-state partnerships to assist with basic needs, service delivery and social development activities • Monitor trends and issues as they change in a rapidly evolving and complex social environment, be flexible • Ensure coherence and clarity of information

17. Nation-Building‘A nation-building agenda needs to support the emergence of networks of communication and exchange between Government, social institutions and people, and between different levels and kinds of governance….engagement or exchange with local values and practices is fundamental to nation-building’ M Anne Brown, Security, development and the nation building agenda – East Timor, University of QLD, 2009

18. Measures Investment in: • Analysis and understanding of the context • Cultural awareness • Deeper awareness of social structures, traditional systems and structures

19. Interagency relationships • Coherence of message, coherence of support • Open and regular communication with the population • Clear roles for military and non-military agencies