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AP US HISTORY CHAPTER 1

AP US HISTORY CHAPTER 1. NEW WORLD BEGINNINGS. FIRST ARRIVALS. Native Americans. Bering Land Bridge. 35,000 years ago, a land bridge connected Siberia (Asia) and Alaska (North America) As glaciers melted, the land bridge got covered by water again.

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AP US HISTORY CHAPTER 1

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  1. AP US HISTORY CHAPTER 1 NEW WORLD BEGINNINGS

  2. FIRST ARRIVALS Native Americans

  3. Bering Land Bridge • 35,000 years ago, a land bridge connected Siberia (Asia) and Alaska (North America) • As glaciers melted, the land bridge got covered by water again

  4. What do these pictures tell you about the evolution of Native American societies?

  5. Incas—Peru, Aztecs—Mexico, Mayas—Central America

  6. Some Native American tribes in what is now the United States… • Iroquois • Anasazi • Navajo • Cherokee • Nez Perce • Potawatomi • Apache • Sioux

  7. Location of mounds in Illinois: Cahokia Closest to building a large civilization in North America: Iroquois Other notable native groups

  8. Native American view of land • Reverence for the natural world • No extensive manipulation of nature • Land is not “owned” by individuals

  9. EUROPEANS and the age of exploration

  10. Vikings from Scandinavia came to the New World first, but did not establish permanent settlements because no strong nation-state backed them financially

  11. Got gold and slaves from Africa Set up sugar plantations in Madeira and Canary Islands off the coast of Africa Portuguese were other early explorers

  12. Crusaders—brought back spices, silk, porcelain and other goods Spice Islands—source of all these wonderful things Europeans now craved What contributed to discovery of the New World…

  13. Muslim middle men—charged higher and higher prices for goods as those goods moved westward toward Europe

  14. Renaissance • Humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that started in Italy in the 14th century and spread throughout Europe. • It encouraged people to learn more about the world.

  15. New inventions • Caravel—type of boat with triangular sails and a rudder, which helped make steering easier • Compass—magnetic needle let you know in what direction you were headed • Printing press— allowed for knowledge to spread via printed maps and first-hand accounts of other people’s travels

  16. People read about Marco Polo’s travels to China and other parts of Asia

  17. Rise of nation-states • England • France • Portugal • Spain • Competition for new territory, power, glory, wealth

  18. TRANSATLANTIC ENCOUNTERS Columbus and those who followed him

  19. Columbian Exchange—some things that arrived in Europe • Tomato • Potato • Turkeys • Tobacco • Chocolate • Corn • Peanuts • Syphilis

  20. Columbian Exchange—some things that arrived in America • Cow • Horse • Pig • Chicken • Rice • Coffee • Sugarcane • Smallpox

  21. Some positive effects of the Columbian Exchange • Natives got new tools, animals and trade goods; for example—horses could now be used to hunt buffalo on the Great Plains (could also be viewed as a bad thing) • Europeans got lots of great food sources that would help make the population grow

  22. Some negative effects of the Columbian Exchange • Some bad things spread, too, such as diseases; about 90% of the Native population got wiped out as a result • Paved the way for conquistadores and the growth of slavery

  23. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) • Catholic Church divided South America between Spain and Portugal • What is now Brazil was in the Portuguese section

  24. Discoverers and conquistadores….YAHOOO! Balboa—was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean Magellan—his men circumnavigated the globe (went around the Earth)

  25. And they kept coming…. • Ponce de Leon—explored Florida searching for gold (and the Fountain of Youth)

  26. And coming…. • Coronado—saw the Grand Canyon • De Soto—saw the Mississippi River

  27. Some conquered great civilizations • Pizarro—conquered the Incas • Cortez—conquered the Aztecs; • the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan is now Mexico City; their leader was Montezuma (Moctezuma)

  28. THE SPANISH First permanent settlers in what is now America

  29. Spanish settlement • Encomienda system gave Indians to Spanish lords in exchange for them trying to Christianize the Indians • Harsh system criticized by Bartolome de las Casas

  30. Three G’s of the Conquistadores • GOLD • GOD • GLORY

  31. First Spanish-American settlement in North America • St. Augustine in what is now Florida • Established in 1565 • Oldest continuous EUROPEAN settlement in North America

  32. Characteristics of Spanish settlement • Brought Catholic religion and Spanish language; tried to convert Natives • Set up over 150 missions • Set up encomiendas, haciendas • Universities and major towns (Santa Fe, San Diego, San Antonio, Mexico City, etc.) • Intermarried with natives, creating a mestizo population

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