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Bio, Nano, Info The Keys to Californias Future CALED Conference

. . One Hundred Years Ago. Life expectancy was Forty-Seven Years8000 Cars144 Miles of Paved Road95% of the Births Occurred at HomePneumonia and Influenza Leading Killers6% of American's graduated from High SchoolLee De Forest

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Bio, Nano, Info The Keys to Californias Future CALED Conference

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    1. Bio, Nano, Info The Keys to California's Future CALED Conference Ken Dozier Executive Director WESRAC 4/24/2006

    3. One Hundred Years Ago Life expectancy was Forty-Seven Years 8000 Cars 144 Miles of Paved Road 95% of the Births Occurred at Home Pneumonia and Influenza Leading Killers 6% of American’s graduated from High School Lee De Forest “father of the radio” was persecuted for mail fraud for his claim that he could transmit the human voice across the Atlantic

    4. The Future

    5. Accelerating Rate of Change Challenging traditional institutions, practices and beliefs All too often, well intentioned efforts to solve pressing problems actually makes the situation worse The challenge facing us is how to move to tools and processes that help us understand compexity (John D Sterman 2000) Technology has made life more complex Chris Capossela Microsoft

    6. Is Sterman Right? For every 100 Dollars We Spend on the Retired Workforce “Digital Isolated” We Spend 10 Dollars on the Emerging Workforce “Digital Natives” We Spend 1 Dollar on the Existing Workforce “Digital Immigrants”

    7. Technologies Change Fast

    8. People Don’t

    9. Myths In 10,000 years the world’s population has doubled ten times, this trend will contine (peaks 2050, will never happen again) Like all animals the more food humans have the more babies they have (fewer) Agriculture will always be an exportable resource (No Lester Thurow) The US has fewer then 10% factory workers (5%) The Loss of 316 Thousand Manufacturing Jobs in California from 2000-2003 is an anomaly to California’s fault (55 million World Wide, China lost 5 million) There is a wholesale shift of production from developed countries to China (technology) This shift signals a shift economic decline. (US factory output has increased 4% annually since 1991, faster than the GDP) Manufacturing is down from 26% of GDP to 13%(measued in constant prices % unchanged since 1980 California is bad at retaining jobs (all MSA’s loose at the same rate) When companies leave a location they take the people. (jobs leave people stay)

    10. Job Creation is the Key Entrepreneurship significant driver of regional economic growth Positive correlation between areas of high entrepreneurship/high economic growth Regions with high entrepreneurship: significantly higher rates of employment, wages, productivity Return on innovation investment greater for regions able to support high entrepreneurship Innovation creates economic growth when entrepreneurship meets technology

    11. Gates “Microsoft” Xerox Jobs “Apple” Xerox Clark “SGI” E&S, Stanford Clark “Netscape” University of Illinois Innovation

    12. New Pushes Out the Old

    13. Information Technology Two Primary Components Computation (This session) Connectivity (Next session

    14. Computing the Future Practice of Science has undergone another revolution Kuhn’s “paradigm shift”, telescope, calculus, computer science Computing no longer merely help scientists instead it produces “an orderly, formal framework and exploratory apparatus for all science. Economist Mar 2006

    15. High Performance Computing (HPC) Gigaflop – One Billion Floating Point Operations per Second Teraflop – One Trillion Floating Point Operations per Second Petaflop- One Thousand Trillion Floating Point Operations per Second

    17. High Performance Grid Computing

    18. Small Wonders Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter So small they are difficult to describe and hard to imagine At very small scale properties of a material, such as color, magnetism a the ability to conduct electricity change in unexpected ways Can be manipulated with a probe called with a scanning tunnel microscope (STM)

    20. Two Basic Methods Set out to deliberately exploit the strange properties of this small world Nanofabrication Nanoscale Engineering (STM) Precise Sculpting or Building of Enhanced and New Materials Man Made Tools of processes, products or structures Self Assembly (Agriculture) Atoms and Molecules Growing Structures Nanotubes

    21. New Materials * Before Nano we took the materials the earth provided (wood, stone, ore) and found creative applications Now we can manage the composition and combination of atoms, to form new stronger lighter metals, more flexible ceramics, more conductive plastics *The Next Big Thing is Really Small, Jack Uldrich and Deb Newberry (2003)

    22. Exciting and New When the size gets very small then the ratio between surface area and volume rises Nano sugar dissolves better in water and makes better icing Nano silver takes on antimicrobial bandages for burns Nano gold melts at several hundred degrees lower Nano copper looses its ability to conduct electricity Metallic rubber (Blacksburg) flexes but conducts electricity Solar Cell paint Nano fabrics are stain and odor proof

    23. Price per Megabyte

    24. Nanotechnology Timeline

    25. Expect to See Materials as strong as diamonds and lighter than aluminum Composites that act as heat conductors, shields from radiation, provides wireless communication and converts heat into electricity Nanosensors and energy sources to make materials self repairing (cars, bridges, buildings, clothes) Solar collecting materials that can be “painted on” to collect, store and apply energy (room light cell phones, buildings, wearable computer)

    26. High Impact Application • Advanced Materials – High strength-to-weight composites for vehicle primary structures and habitats – Hydrogen resistant nanostructured materials for cryotanks – High thermal conductivity materials for heat sinks, heat pipes, and radiators – High temperature materials for propulsion systems and thermal protection systems – High electrical conductivity materials for wiring – Self-healing materials for repairing impact damage and wire insulation – Space-durable materials resistant to ultraviolet and particle radiation – Self-assembling materials for in-space fabrication • Power – High energy density batteries and fuel cells – High efficiency photovoltaic cells • Sensing – Bio-chemical sensors for monitoring environmental contaminants in crew habitats – Bio-chemical sensors for detecting the signatures of life on other planets – Chemical systems for identifying, processing, and utilizing planetary resources • Integral Health Management – Systems that incorporate integral sensors and processors for fault detection and diagnosis • High Performance Computing – Fault-tolerant reconfigurable processors, micro-controllers, and storage devices • Extreme Environment Electronics – Microelectronic devices that can operate reliably in extreme temperature and radiation environments

    27. Climbing the Helical Staircase Knowledge is Power Sir Francis Bacon 17th Century Industrial Revolution – Physical Sciences 50 years ago the now famous double helix structure of DNA was published Either strand of the helix could be used as a to duplicate the other A single strand acts as a message tape telling a cell which proteins to make “Economist 2003”

    28. Color Code Red is for Medical Bald be gone Human spare parts Small Firms Green is Agriculture Genetically Modified Crops Industrial is White Biodegradable Plastics and Artificial Fibers

    29. GNOME (Red) Biological Periodic Table Personal drugs and processes New forms of analysis proactive treatment Fountain of Youth

    30. TransformingMedical Care Bioinformatics and computational biology will enable breakthroughs in basic biological research and improvements in the prevention, treatment, and cure of diseases.

    31. HPC and Next Generation Biology Simulating 100 microseconds of protein folding could take 1025 machine instructions This computation would take three years on a PetaFLOP system or Keep a 3.2GHz microprocessor busy for the next million centuries.

    32. PetaFLOPS computers—capable of performing a thousand trillion mathematical operations per second, 25 times faster than the largest supercomputers today—will open new doors to understanding the functions of biological molecules. HPC and Next Generation Biology

    33. Time to Change Innovate America “Innovate or Abdicate” (U.S. lead in technology, standard of living) “Innovation will be single most important factor in determining America’s success through 21st Century” • American business, government, workers and universities face unprecedented acceleration of global change, relentless pressure for short term results, and fierce competition from countries that seek innovation-driven future • For past 25 years, U.S. has optimized organizations for efficiency/quality; next 25 years, must optimize for innovation

    34. “Innovate America” – A National Agenda with Three Elements • Talent – Build a innovation education strategy for a diverse, innovative and technically-trained workforce – Catalyze next generation of American innovators • Investment – Energize entrepreneurial economy – Reinforce risk-taking and long-term investment • Infrastructure – Create national consensus of innovation growth strategies – Create 21st Century intellectual property regime –– Build 21st Century innovation infrastructures

    35. WESRAC’S Job is to create jobs

    36. Help Ken reach more Manufacturers fighting Import Competition

    37. WIRED Project Interface with industry/economic development academia to support/develop education/training resources Create sustainable innovation economic development model Identify candidate companies for projects

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