The Cold War

1. The Cold War Part Two: Conformity Culture in the 1950s

2. Learning Targets • I can trace the development and manifestations of the Cold War. • I can analyze Truman’s and Eisenhower’s leadership during The Cold War. • I can analyze the extent to which the 1950s was an era of “conformity culture.”

3. Demobilization • Bringing the troops home • Baby Boom • 1946

4. Economy of the 50s • In general • Why the boom? • Women’s wages • Pent up demand • Lack of competition • GI Bill of Rights (Serviceman’s Readjustment Act) • NSC 68 • Changes in the world of work • Consumer Culture • Construction: houses and highways

5. Race in the 50s • Origins in WWII • Committee on Civil Rights • Ban on discrimination in federal jobs • Executive Order 9961

6. Election of 1948 • Splits in the Democratic Party • “Dixiecrats” nominate Strom Thurman • Progressive Democrats • Rep. Thomas Dewey

7. Truman’s Fair Deal “We have rejected the discredited theory that the fortunes of the nation should be in the hands of a privileged few. Every segment of our population and every individual has a right to expect from his government a fair deal.” • Higher min. wage • Expansion of Soc. Sec. • Increased farm subsidies • Public housing & slum clearance • Universal health insurance • Repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act

8. The Second Red Scare • Background • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • The Hollywood Ten

9. The Second Red Scare • Employee Loyalty Program (47) • Alger Hiss Case (48) • Truman • Richard Nixon • Julius and Ethel Rosenberg (50)

10. The Second Red Scare • Joseph McCarthy • “McCarthy” Hearings • McCarran Internal Security Act • McCarthy’s demise

11. Family in the 50s • Return of the Cult • Religious Participation

12. Family in the 50s • Homeownership & Growth of the ‘suburbs’ • Levittown

13. Popular Culture • TV! • Cars! • Rock & Roll!

14. Popular Culture • Youth culture & delinquency • The Beat Generation

15. Grab worksheet “250 Things…” by the door. • Don’t ask me about it… I’ll explain it in a minute.

16. Learning Targets • I can trace the development and manifestations of the Cold War. • I can analyze Truman’s and Eisenhower’s leadership during The Cold War. • I can trace the development of the Civil Rights Movement.

17. The Election of 1952 • Rep. Dwight Eisenhower • VP Richard Nixon • Dem. Adlai Stevenson

18. Eisenhower on the Domestic Front • “dynamic conservatism”- “conservative when it comes to money, liberal when it comes to human beings” • Tries to cut some New Deal & Defense spending • Tax reductions for wealthy & corporations

19. Eisenhower on the Domestic Front • “Should any political party attempt to abolish Social Security and eliminate labor laws and farm programs, you would not hear of that party again…” • Some extensions of Social Security • Sought federal participation in health insurance • Agricultural aid extended • Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 • The “biggest damnfool mistake I ever made” • “disloyalty” to “security risk”

20. Eisenhower & Civil Rights • Brown v. Board of Education (54) • Emmett Till (55) • Montgomery Bus Boycott (55-6) • Little Rock Nine (57)

21. Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy • Sec. of State John Foster Dulles • Rollback • “massive retaliation” • “deterrence” • “brinksmanship” • New Look Military

22. Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy • East Asia • Indochina • Hungary • Iran • Egypt & the Suez Crisis • Cuba

23. Cold War Scares • Sputnik (57) • “missile gap” • Increased Spending • ICBMs • Missiles in Europe • NASA (58) • National Defense Education Act

24. “Peaceful Coexistence” • Berlin • Big Four talks • Planned Summit • U-2 Incident (60) • Francis Gary Powers

25. Eisenhower’s Farewell Address

26. Election of 1960 VP Richard Nixon vs. Sen. John F. Kennedy JFK 2nd Catholic candidate, also 2nd youngest presidential candidate Impact of first televised debate; swings momentum toward JFK

27. JFK wins one of the closest elections in history; 16 Southern Democrat electors vote for alternative candidate Sen. Harry Byrd of Virginia in protest.