Kingdom Animalia

1. Kingdom Animalia • All animal phyla except Phylum Chordata (the chordates) • 97% of animals are invertebrates Invertebrates

2. Review of animal phylogeny

3. Parazoa: Phylum Porifera • No Embryonic Tissues • Asymmetrical • Mostly Marine

4. Sponges are filter feeders Choanocyte : specialized feeding cells Skeletal fibers: Spicules- calcium carbonate or silica collagen protein: spongin

5. Sponges

6. Group Radiata • Radial Symmetry • Diploblastic • Phylum Cnidaria • Phylum Ctenophora

7. Phylum Cnidaria • Jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, corals • Exist as polyp or medusa body form • Gastrovascular cavity with single opening

8. Figure 33.4 Polyp and medusa forms of cnidarians

9. Figure 33.7 The life cycle of the hydrozoan Obelia (Layer 3)

10. Cnidaria have unique cells called cnidocytes Some cnidocytes contain stinging capsules called nematocysts

11. Table 33.1 Classes of Phylum Cnidaria

12. Classes of Cnidaria Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Anthozoa

13. Phylum Ctenophora • Comb jellies • Only 100 spp. • Rows of cilia

14. Group Bilateria • Bilateral symmetry • Triploblastic • Protostomic or Deuterostomic

15. Protostomia- Group 1 Lophotrochozoa: • Based on new molecular data • Includes acoelomates, Phylum Platyheminthes • Includes psuedocoelomates, Phyla Rotifera • Includes old Lophophorates Phyla Bryozoa, Phoronida, Brachiopoda • Includes old Protostomia, Phyla Mollusca, Annelida

16. Phylum Platyhelminthes – flatworms • Acoelomate • Free-living and parasitic species • Marine and freshwater • Mesoderm--> organs, organ systems, muscle tissue • Gastrovascular cavity with one opening

17. Table 33.2 Classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes

18. Class Turbellaria: Planarians

19. Class Trematoda: Flukes Child with schistosomiasis

20. Class Cestoidea: Tapeworms Tapeworms have no digestive track, absorbs food from host

21. Phylum Rotifera • common, usu. freshwater microscopic • smaller than some protists! • pseudoceol is hydrostatic skeleton • complete gut

22. Lophophorate Phlya • Phyla Bryozoa, Phoronida, Brachiopoda • True coelomates • U-shaped gut • Circular/U-shaped ridge bearing ciliated tentacles (lophophore)

23. Phylum Mollusca: snails, clams, squid, octopi • Unsegmented bodies • Body made of foot, visceral mass, and mantle • Feed using radula (most) • Shell secreted by mantle (most)

24. Basic Body Plan of a Mollusk

25. Table 33.3 Major Classes of Phylum Mollusca

26. Class Gastropoda • Snails, slugs, abalones • Torsion • Herbivores or predators

27. Class Bivalia • Scallops, clams, mussels, oysters • Shell divided into 2 halves • Filter feeders

28. Class Cephlapoda • Squids, octopus, nautilus • largest, fastest, smartest inverts • Reduced and internal shell • advanced nervous system – learning

29. Phylum Annelida • Segmented: series of repeating segments • controlled by separate muscles • evolutionary important for movement • hydrostatic skeleton • closed circulatory system • Cerebral ganglia • excretory organs – nephridia

30. Table 33.4 Classes of Phylum Annelida

31. Annelids Polychaeta Oligochaeta Hirudinea

32. Protostomia-Group 2Ecdysozoa • Animals that molt • Phyla Nematoda and Arthropoda

33. Phylum Nematoda • Roundworms • Pseudocoelomate • Thin cuticle • Complete digestive tract

34. Some Nematodes are parasitic Trichinella: trichinosis in humans Heartworms in a dog Ascaris in pig guts Hookworms and pinworms can burrow through the skin

35. Figure 33.26 External anatomy of an arthropod

36. Phylum Arthropoda • Insecta, Arachnida, Crustacea • Exoskeleton made of chitin and protein • Jointed appendages • Body segments: head, thorax, abdomen

37. Table 33.5 Some Major Arthropod Classes

38. Trilobites • Jointed appendages, very diverse • Once dominant • Closest living relative: horseshoe crab Horseshoe crabs: a living fossil (a chelicerate)

39. Class Arachnida • Spiders, scorpions, mites • 2 body regions • 2 pairs of appendages on head (feeding) • 4 pairs of legs on cephalothorax • Many inject digestive enzymes • Tracheae or book lungs • Simple eyes (often multiple)

40. Class Diplopoda & Chilopoda • Millipedes • 2 pairs of legs/segment • Centipedes • 1 pair of legs/segment • Poison claws for paralyzing prey

41. Class Insecta • At least 1.5 million species • 3 regions, 1 pair of antennae on head, 3 pairs of legs on thorax, usu. 2 (1) pairs of wings • Tracheae takes air to all parts of body

42. Table 33.6 Some Major orders of Insects (Anoplura-Dermaptera)

43. Table 33.6 Some Major orders of Insects (Diptera-Hymenoptera)

44. Table 33.6 Some Major orders of Insects (Isoptera-Odonata)

45. Table 33.6 Some Major orders of Insects (Orthoptera-Trichoptera)

46. Insects grow by metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis

47. Class Crustacea • decapods (crabs, shrimp, crayfish), isopods, amphipods, copepods • most aquatic, marine • 3 body regions (fused segments) • Multiple appendages • carapace, gills

48. Crustacean pictures

49. Phylum Echinodermata • Deuterostomes • Sea stars, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea lilly, sea cucumbers • Radial symmetry

50. Echinoderms have a water vascular system including tube feet which function in movement and feeding