1325 in UN Peace Keeping Missions March 31, 2014 Maud Edgren-Schori Pierre Schori

1. 1325 in UN Peace Keeping MissionsMarch 31, 2014Maud Edgren-SchoriPierre Schori Indevelop/KtK UN Resolution 1325: Women, Peace and Security (Global 4A) Maud Edgren-Schori

3. 1325 in UN peacekeeping missionsPresentation 1.00 – 5.00 PM • Introduction (PS, ME-S) • UN Peace Keeping (PS) • Leg stretcher • Gender Mainstreaming, Human Rights: guiding documents. Gender Advisor in the Field (ME-S) • Break • SC Resolutions and Mandates ONUCI (PS) • Responsibility to Protect - R2P (PS) • Group discussions • Leg stretcher • Key issues from the group discussions. Q and A

4. Dag Hammarskjöld (1905 – September 18, 1961) served from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash. He is the only person to have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize posthumously. C F Reuterswärd, 1980

5. The Blue Helmets were created by Hammarskjöld and his team. Three guiding principles for PKO:s: The UN BlueHelmets • shall have the consent of the parties, • be impartial and • use force only in self-defence or in defence of the mandate.

6. UN Peacekeeping • Start in 1948: the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East and Pakistan. • The role of observers: monitor the Armistice Agreement • between Israel and its Arab neighbors (UNTSO) and • in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) Both missions continue operating to this day. 67 peacekeeping operationshave been deployed by the UN, 54 of them since 1988. Over the years, hundreds of thousands of military personnel, as well as tens of thousands of UN police and other civilians from more than 120 countrieshave participated in UN peacekeeping operations.

7. The Suez and the Congo Crises The earliest armed peacekeeping operation was the UN Emergency Force (UNEF) deployed successfully in 1956 to address the Suez Crisis. The UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) (1960): first large-scale mission having nearly 20,000 military personnel at its peak. ONUC demonstrated the risks involved in trying to bring stability to war-torn regions – 250 UN personnel died while serving on that mission, including the Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold.

8. UN PK workforce(March 2013) • 77.891 troops, 1.802 militaryobservers, 12.540 policepersonnel • 5.090 international civilianpersonnel; 11.701 localcivilianstaff. 2.089 UN Volunteers • 116 countriescontributed • .

10. Gender Mainstreaming … assessing the implications for women and men in any action, including legislation, politics and programmes … making concerns and experiences of women and men an integral part of design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes, so that women an men benefit equally

12. Age and Sex Matter

13. Where, after all, do universal rights begin?Eleanor Roosevelt (1998) • Commisssion on HR established 1946 • UDHR was adopted in 1948 • 9 HR conventions (1965 – 2006)

14. International Agreements CONVENTION Legallybinding for the nations thatratified DECLARATION Morallybinding, not legally. RESOLUTION Bindingwhenadopted by the SC

15. Gender Advisor UNDPassignments (examples) Training (In-house + partners) Drafting of Policy documents (Gender Policy Declaration/Strategic Action Plan (CI) /National Gender Policy (L)) Reviewing of Programs/Projects Data collection/Needsassessment (G) Developing programs: ”Women in Peace and Reconciliation” (CI) Resource mobilisation

16. Guiding documents • HR Conventions • Beijing Platform of Action (1995) • National policies on GE • UN Agencies gender policy • UNSCR 1325/2000, 1820/2008,1888/2009,1960/2010, 2106/2013, 2122/2013 • UNSC resolutions • UN policies on Gender, Codes of Conduct, etc.

17. Gaps in Gender Mainstreaming are caused by: • Resistance • Ignorance • Indifference

18. Gender Perspective requires • Knowledge • Commitment • Priority • Resources

19. Key commitments in UN SC Resolution 1325(2000)Women, Peace and Security • Participation of women in peace processes on all levels • Protection of women and girls, respect for their rights including elimination of SGBV • Gender perspective in PKO

20. Who is responsible for implementing 1325 and other UNSCR? • UN Security Council • UN Secretary-General • UN Member States/TCCs • Armed groups – national militaries, rebel groups, etc. • Humanitarian agencies • Mediators in peace negotiations

23. Established in 2004 March 2013: • Troops 9.358 (113 w) • Military Experts 193 (13 w) • Police 509 (54 w) • FPU 998 (0 w)

24. TCC in Côte d’Ivoire • Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Chad, China, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Ireland, Jordan, Malawi, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, RoKorea, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Tanzania, Uruguay, Yemen, Zambia and Zimbabwe

25. Responsibility to protect (R2P)

26. Laurent Gbagbo, former President of Côte d’Ivoire • Warrant of arrest issued 23 November 2011. Transfer to the ICC 30 November 2011. Charges hearing: 19-28 February 2013

27. Charges Laurent Gbagbo allegedlybearsindividualcriminal responsibility, as indirect co-perpetrator, for four (4) counts of crimesagainsthumanity: • murder • rape and other sexual violence 3) persecution and 4) other inhuman acts, allegedly committed in the context of post-electoral violence in the territory of Côte d’Ivoire between 16 December 2010 and 12 April 2011

28. ”The United Nations was not created to bring us to Heaven but to save us from Hell”

31. Discrimination of WomenCEDAW (1979) Definition any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of the marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.