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Keir Hardie/ James Burnham and The Managerial Revolution

Keir Hardie/ James Burnham and The Managerial Revolution. By Hannah Lebovitz Clesson AP Lang – 9 January 13, 2008. Keir Hardie. Born August 15, 1856 Family was extremely poor Worked from a young age Learned to read and write on his own Read newspapers to learn about trade unions

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Keir Hardie/ James Burnham and The Managerial Revolution

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  1. Keir Hardie/James Burnham and The Managerial Revolution By Hannah Lebovitz Clesson AP Lang – 9 January 13, 2008

  2. Keir Hardie • Born August 15, 1856 • Family was extremely poor • Worked from a young age • Learned to read and write on his own • Read newspapers to learn about trade unions • Led a strike • Named secretary of Scottish Miners’ Federation • Started publishing The Miner • Advocated socialism • Ran for Parliament twice – won second time

  3. Keir Hardie • Helped found Independent Labor Party • Wanted House of Commons to send message of condolences to relatives of dead miners • House of Commons refused; Hardie made a speech attacking the monarchy • Criticized in national newspapers • Spent years campaigning for Labor Party and women’s suffrage • Disapproved of Britain’s involvement in World War I • Participated in anti-war demonstrations despite illness • Died September 25, 1915

  4. James Burnham • Born in Chicago in 1905 • Attended Princeton University • Leading Trotskyist during the 1930s • Helped form Socialist Workers Party • Eventually separated from Socialist Workers Party and communist movement to take a job in the Office of Strategic Services during World War II • Wrote for the National Review during the Cold War • Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1983 • Died in 1987

  5. James Burnham • Published The Managerial Revolution in 1941 • World will be divided into three super-states: United States, Germany, and Japan • Three states will fight to rule the world • Capitalism is on the decline, but socialism will not replace it • Capitalist class being replaced by managerial class, made up of soldiers, business executives, bureaucrats, etc. • Heavily influenced Orwell’s 1984

  6. Bibliography • Helin, Lori. “Burnham: The Managerial Revolution.” October 1988. 13 January 2008. <http://econc10.bu.edu/economic_systems/Theory/Capitalism_XXcent ury/Burnham.htm> • Simkin, John. “James Kerr Hardie.” Spartacus Educational. 13 January 2008. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRhardie.htm>

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