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English Civil War through the Glorious Revolution

English Civil War through the Glorious Revolution. 1642-1688. James I 1603-1625. Calvinist – very strict Claimed to rule by “divine right” Ordered the King James version of the Bible be translated. Charles I (1600 – 1649). The son of James I Believed in the absolute power of monarchs

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English Civil War through the Glorious Revolution

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  1. English Civil War through the Glorious Revolution

    1642-1688
  2. James I 1603-1625 Calvinist – very strict Claimed to rule by “divine right” Ordered the King James version of the Bible be translated
  3. Charles I (1600 – 1649) The son of James I Believed in the absolute power of monarchs Supported Catholics; people feared the country was reverting to Catholicism Ruled without Parliament for eleven years Financed his government through taxes without consent, which was seen as wrong by Parliament
  4. Long Parliament- Background Charles I summoned Parliament in November 1640 because he needed an army to put down the revolting Presbyterian Scots that rejected the new prayer book and bishoprics imposed by William Laud Lasted 1640-1660, enacted legislation limiting the monarch’s power
  5. Long Parliament’s Actions 1641- Triennial Act: King has to summon Parliament every 3 years Threatened to abolish episcopacy (church government by bishops) King “accepted” measures to get army, but maneuvered his way around legislation
  6. Causes of the English Civil War Charles I needed an army to put down Scots and Irish rebellion (Irish remained Catholic and were economically and politically oppressed) Parliament did not want to give Charles an army because they did not trust him Charles took military action against Parliament
  7. King vs. Parliament Charles’ army: nobility, its cavalry, rural gentry, mercenaries Parliamentary army: militia of London, country squires with business connections, men with a belief in the spiritual duty of serving The English Civil War tested whether supreme power would reside in King or Parliament
  8. End/Effects of the War 1649: Charles I executed for high treason 1649-1660: “Interregnum”- separated two monarchical periods. 1649: Commonwealth/Republican government proclaimed. Power supposed to rest with Parliament, but the government was really controlled by the winning army, which was controlled by Oliver Cromwell
  9. Oliver Cromwell
  10. “Protectorate” Under Oliver Cromwell 1653-1658: military dictatorship Instrument of Government: constitution created by the army that gave executive power to a lord protector (Cromwell) and a council of state. Cromwell tore the constitution up, kept a standing army, divided England into 12 military districts which were governed by a major general Cromwell favored toleration of all Christian sects except Catholicism
  11. “Protectorate” Continued He identified Irish Catholicism with treason 1649: crushed Irish rebellion mercilessly- created legacy of Irish hatred for England Censored press, forbade sports, closed theaters Absolutist regulation of economy- mercantilism 1651: Navigation Act- required English goods be shipped on English ships Welcomed immigration of Jews because of skills
  12. End of Military Government Ended when Cromwell died in 1658 English wanted to return to civilian government, common law, and social stability Restoration of 1660: restored monarchy with Charles II
  13. Restoration 1660 - Charles II returned to England and restored the monarchy to England He ruled until 1685 when he died unexpectedly and his brother, James II, inherited the throne. James II was Catholic and tried to give Catholics more power in England Protestants did not like this. Charles II and James II
  14. Glorious Revolution-1688 James II was forced to leave England when his Protestant daughter and son-in-law, William and Mary, invaded England and were later crowned as the King and Queen of England
  15. Glorious Revolution-1688 Known as the Glorious Revolution because no one died 1689 – Parlaiment passes the English Bill of Rights, granted certain freedoms to all English people Established a limited constitutional monarchy Signed by William and Mary
  16. English Civil War- Horrible Histories http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FyQnEDt7eA English Civil War Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAjmLTUt4uE Charles II King of Bling http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2kyNbZc7oc
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