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Revolution in France 1848

Revolution in France 1848. “the July monarchy in France was a platform of boards built over a volcano. Under it burned the repressed fires of republicanism put down in 1830, which since 1830 had become steadily more socialistic”

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Revolution in France 1848

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  1. Revolution in France 1848 • “the July monarchy in France was a platform of boards built over a volcano. Under it burned the repressed fires of republicanism put down in 1830, which since 1830 had become steadily more socialistic” • Radicals wanted universal suffrage and a republic, but liberals asked only for broader voting rights within the existing constitutional Monarchy • Louis Phillipe and his Prime Minister refused any change. Stupid move. What should they have done?

  2. February revolution in France 1848 • Banquet in Paris planned for Feb. 22 • On February 21 the gov’t forbade such meetings-that night barricades went up throughout the city • Gov’t called the national guard-refused to move-King now promised electoral reform-too late. • Demonstration at Guizot’s house-20 killed • February 24 Louis Phillipe abdicates to…England • That leaves us with the liberal reformers and the radical republicans-now it gets interesting.

  3. Creation of provisional government • Const. Reformers hoped to carry on with the son of Louis Philippe • Republicans stormed the Chamber of Deputies and proclaimed a republic-no whiff of grapeshot this time. • Provisional government: • 7 political republicans-Lamartine • 3 social republicans- Louis Blanc • Blanc was interested in creating social workshops • Instead he got national workshops • By June there were 200,000 idle men in a city of 1 million

  4. Election of Constituent Assembly • Elected in April 1848 by Universal Male suffrage across all of France • Immediately replaced provisional gov’t with temporary executive board of its own • This new exec board contained NO socialists

  5. “June Days” of 1848 • One side: nationally elected constituent assembly • Other side: National workshops • NW unsuccessfully attacked the CA • CA declared martial law giving all power to General Cavaignac (the butcher) • The bloody June days followed June 24-26 • Class war raged in Paris-CA won

  6. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte • After the June Days the CA sought to create a republican constitution and elect a new President • Louis Napoleon Bonaparte won in a landslide. • Defeated Lamartine, Blanc, Cavignac

  7. Revolution in Austria 1848 • Began in Hungary • Louis Kossuth-Demanded national autonomy from Austrian Empire, full civil liberties and universal male suffrage • Austrian gov’t hesitated • Viennese students and workers took to streets-added own demands • Aust. Emp. Ferdinand I gave in-promised reforms and a liberal constitution • Metternich fled to London

  8. Weaknesses in Austrian revolutionary coalition • Peasants, who made up most of the army, were satisfied by the Gov’ts aboliton of serfdom • Hungarian revolutionaries wanted to unify the diverse groups in Hungary-opposed by minority groups-croats, serbs, rumanians-soon were locked in armed combat with the new Hungarian government • Middle class wanted liberal reform • Urban poor rose in arms-wanted socialist workshops, universal voting rights • MC and UP soon were opposing eachother

  9. Reassertion of Conservative forces • Ferdinand I abdicates in his place his nephew Francis Joseph • Windishgratz-smashed Czechoslovakia • Austria defeats revolutionaries in Italy • Army (peasants) attacked student workers in Vienna • Hungary brought back after Russia went in with 130,000 troops • The attempts to liberalize and break up the Austrian empire were unsuccessful.

  10. Revolution in Prussia 1848 • Prussia’s middle class wanted a liberal constitutional monarchy that would unite Germany into a united and liberal German nation. • Prussian middle class pushed demands after the French rev of 1848 • Demands not granted • Workers in Berlin exploded • Frederick William IV gave in to demands • FWIV promised Prussia liberal const. + merge into German state • Workers wanted more

  11. Delacroix “Liberty leading the People”

  12. Prussian workers demands • March 26 workers issued a series of radical demands: universal voting rights, minimum wage, 10 hour day • The Prussian middle class could not go along with it • While the tensions in Prussia escalated , an elected body met in Berlin to write a constitution for a Prussian State

  13. Frankfurt Assembly • Self appointed from various German States successfully called for a national constituent assembly to begin writing a Const. For a unified German State • Denmark distraction: Schleswig/Holstein • March 1849, Frankfurt assembly finally offered throne to FWIV • By early 1849 reaction had been successful in Prussia • FWIV refused the Frankfurt assemblies “crown from the gutter”

  14. Romanticism: Cultural movement of the early 18th century White horse, Constable

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