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Social Cognitive Learning Theory

Social Cognitive Learning Theory. What factors influence learning?. Environmental examples Cognitive examples. General Principles. Learning occurs from watching others Learning can occur without a change in behavior ( Observation without imitation)

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Social Cognitive Learning Theory

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  1. Social Cognitive Learning Theory

  2. What factors influence learning? • Environmental • examples • Cognitive • examples

  3. General Principles • Learning occurs from watching others • Learning can occur without a change in behavior (Observation without imitation) • Consequences of behavior play a role in learning • Cognition plays a role in learning

  4. Social Cognitive Perspective on Reinforcement and Punishment • As with behaviorism, R & P are environmental factors that shape behavior • Behavior is learned through observation & then expressed (imitated) through modeling

  5. Cognitive Factors • Cognitive processing (thinking) is occurring during learning • Attention to actions • Mental rehearsal of actions • Develop verbal and visual representations of actions

  6. Cognitive Factors (cont.) • Expectations • About outcomes of the behavior • About ability to perform successfully (self-efficacy beliefs) • Awareness of Contingencies • Realization that the behavior is related to certain punishment OR reinforcement. Leads to increase of decrease in frequency in behavior

  7. Cognitive Factors (cont.)Self-Efficacy Beliefs • Beliefs about one’s ability or capacity to execute a behavior successfully • Influences several aspects of behavior, including • Choice of activities • Goals • Effort and persistence • Learning and achievement

  8. Observational Learning Or Modeling Learning that occurs through watching the behavior of others

  9. R & P & Modeling • Observer reinforced by model • Observer reinforced by 3rd person • Imitation or modeling itself leads to reinforcement • What happens to the model affects observer’s behavior (vicarious consequences)

  10. What’s going on here?

  11. The Effects of Modeling on the Observer • Teaches new behaviors • Influences frequency of previously learned behaviors • Increases the frequency of similar behaviors • Encourage previously forbidden behaviors

  12. Characteristics of Effective Models • The model • Is competent • Has prestige and power • Behaves in ways that are consistent with the observer’s gender identification • Exhibits behavior relevant to the observer’s situation

  13. Your Turn: Dangerous Minds Videoclip • Look for Models • What characteristics do they have? • Look for reinforcers for the models AND for the observers

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