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What is Argumentation?

What is Argumentation?. Chapters 1 + 2 Jim Tomlinson, Ph.D. Defining Argumentation. Fight? Dispute? Debate? Quarrel? Squabble?. Definition.

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What is Argumentation?

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  1. What is Argumentation? Chapters 1 + 2 Jim Tomlinson, Ph.D.

  2. Defining Argumentation • Fight? • Dispute? • Debate? • Quarrel? • Squabble?

  3. Definition • “…the communicative process of advancing, supporting, criticizing and modifying claims so that appropriate decision makers, defined by relevant spheres, may grant or deny adherence.” page 2

  4. Key Terms and Concepts • Adherence • Decision Makers • Claims - fact/value/policy??? • Issue (2 parallel and opposing claims) • Proposition • Support • Argument (a unit of claim and support) • Criticism (refutation – to question)

  5. Critical Decision Making • “a decision which survives the test of a relevant set of criteria” • Opposite of instinct, or intuition • Toleration of Uncertainty – can we EVER be absolutely certain of anything?? War in Iraq?? Opposite of this is decision making with absolute certainty – dogmatism – NO opposition or criticism is tolerated

  6. Critical Thinking – • Skeptic ??? Cynic??? • Dialectic • Spheres • Rhetoric – audience, degrees of probability, levels and types of proof

  7. Being reasonable/unreasonable • Emotional attachments • Beliefs are powerful • Criteria may not be provable • Social influence – we do/believe because others do/believe

  8. Characteristics of Reasonable Arguments • Criteria has been selected • Criteria has been subjected to analysis/criticism • Criteria is open, and subject to examination and reexamination

  9. Criticisms of Argumentation • Feminist critique: male oriented, confrontational • BUT it is a way to see the relative strengths and weaknesses of a controversy

  10. Ethics and Argumentation • Research Responsibility • Common good • Follow the rules • Social Code – respect the rights of the opposition

  11. Terminology • Advocate • Presumption • Burden of Proof • Prima Facie Case • Affirmative • Negative

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