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Understanding Blood Clotting: Mechanisms and Prevention

Learn about hemostasis mechanisms, blood coagulation, clot formation, and factors affecting clotting, including conditions like hemophilia and excessive bleeding causes.

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Understanding Blood Clotting: Mechanisms and Prevention

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  1. Blood clotting Dubravka Šipuš, 2nd year 2013/2014 Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. Hemostasis • Hemostasis – prevention of blood loss • Mechanisms: • Vascular constriction • Formation of a platelet plug • Formation of a blood clot • Growth of fibrous tissue

  3. Blood coagulation • Fast process • Procoagulants and anticoagulants • Complex cascade of chemical reactions • Blood coagulation factors

  4. Initiation of coagulation • Formation of prothrombin activator • Extrinsic pathway • Intrinsic pathway

  5. Extrinsic pathway

  6. Intrinsicpathway

  7. Formation of the clot

  8. Prevention of blood clotting • Endothelial surface factors (smoothness, glycocalyx, thrombomodulin) • Antithrombin III-heparin cofactor • Coumarin (warfarin) • Citrate ion, oxalate

  9. Conditions that cause excessive bleeding • Vitamin K deficiency • Diseases of the liver • Hemophilia • Thrombocytopenia

  10. Hemophilia • Hemophilia A - abnormality or deficiency of Factor VIII • Recessive sex-linked, X chromosome disorder

  11. References • Guyton, Hall: Textbook of Medical Physiology

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