War Between France and England

1. War Between France and England

2. I. Introduction • Fourwars erupted between Britain and France starting in the 17th century • Each conflict extended to North America • France - focused on controlling Europe, while Britain was more interested in dominating a worldwide empire • The wars in North America, became known as the intercolonial wars

3. Two of the four conflicts had major repercussions on North America II. Major Losses for France • 1. Treaty of Utrecht – 1713 • The 2nd Conflict in Europe resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht • France surrendered part of Acadia, Hudson’s Bay and Newfoundland to Britain • 2. Conquest of New France – 1760 • The 4rth Conflict: Seven Years War in Europe resulted in the British conquest of New France in 1760

4. Treaty of Utrecht - 1713 • France loses Acadia, Hudson’s Bay and Newfoundland

5. III. Seven Years’ War 1756-1763 (takeover) of New France • Last of the four conflicts • Clashes started between the French and English in the North America andextended worldwide • In North America this led to the War of the Conquest - 1760

6. IV. The Conquest of New France 1760 (takeover) of New France A) Objects of the Conquest: In North America, England and France were competing over: • Control of the fur trade • Territory (Hudson’s Baie/Rupert’s land, Acadia)

7. Rupert’s Land – Contested Territory French Territory: New France English Territory: 13 Colonies

8. B) Main events before the Conquest Acadians: French people living in Acadia (now controlled by the British) 1. Clashes started in the Ohio Valley 2. Deportation of the Acadians - 1755: • In 1755, the British deported10 000 Acadians for two reasons: 1.English worried that the Acadians would side with the French in the war 2. To distribute the fertileland to British colonists • Some Acadians escaped deportation and fled to New France Ohio Valley

9. Why did some Acadians choose to flee to New France?

10. C) Main events of the War of the Conquest 1. 1756 – War officially begins 2. Capture of Louisbourg 1758 – key area for fishing is conquered by the British

11. 3. 1759 - Battle of the Plains of Abraham • Pivotal battle in the British takeover of New France • General James Wolfe led British forces to the Plains of Abraham by water & caught the French by surprise • French Army led by General Louis-Joseph Montcalm attacked the British army and lost • The battle lasted 15 minutes and claimed the lives of many including the generals of both armies • City of Quebec capitulated shortly after the battle

12. Battle of the Plains of Abraham

13. Death of British General Wolfe

14. 4. 1760- The Conquest of New France • 1760 - Montreal surrendered shortly after and the British officially conquered New France 5. 1763 - Treaty of Paris • The Seven Years War is officially over and the Treaty of Paris is signed • All of North America was now under British rule, except for St. Pierre & Miquelon

15. D) Causes of the French Defeat

16. The War of the Conquest & The Seven Years War -Timeline 1756 – 1763 Seven Years War 1754 – 1760 War of Conquest