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ANALISIS EKONOMI PENGENDALAN PENCEMARAN

ANALISIS EKONOMI PENGENDALAN PENCEMARAN. & AUDIT LINGKUNGAN M. Suparmoko. METODE PENDEKATAN. KOMANDO & PENGAWASAN (CAC) 2. INSTRUMEN a/d MEKANISME PASAR (ECONOMIC INSTRUMENT ). KELEMAHAN SISTEM KOMANDO & PENGAWASAN.

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ANALISIS EKONOMI PENGENDALAN PENCEMARAN

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  1. ANALISIS EKONOMI PENGENDALAN PENCEMARAN & AUDIT LINGKUNGAN M. Suparmoko

  2. METODE PENDEKATAN • KOMANDO & PENGAWASAN (CAC) 2. INSTRUMEN a/d MEKANISME PASAR (ECONOMIC INSTRUMENT)

  3. KELEMAHAN SISTEM KOMANDO & PENGAWASAN • MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM BAKU MUTU – MEMBEBANI PARA PRODUSEN • PERLU BIAYA BESAR

  4. SISTEM PUNGUTAN PARA PENCEMAR DIDORONG UNTUK MEMILIH CARA MENCAPAI BAKU MUTU • MEMBAYAR PUNGUTAN (JIKA BIAYA PENANGGULANGAN PENCEMARAN MAHAL) • MEMASANG PENGOLAH LIMBAH (JIKA BIAYA LEBIH MURAH D/P BAYAR PUNGUTAN) • SISTEM PUNGUTAN AKAN MENGURANI PENCEMARAN

  5. POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE • MENENTUKAN HARGA SDA SECARA TEPAT • MENCEGAH EKSPLOITASI BERLEBIHAN SDA DAN DEGRADASI LINGKUNGAN • INTERNALIZING EXTERNAL COSTS

  6. POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE • ARTI SEMPIT: BAYAR PUNGUTAN JIKA LIMBAH MELEBIHI BAKU MUTU • ARTI LUAS: BAYAR PUNGUTAN SEJAK LIMBAH DIBUANG UNTUK GANTI BIAYA KERUSAKAN & BIAYA PENGENDALIAN – MEMOTIVASI AGAR MENGURANGI VOLUME PENCEMARAN

  7. KONSEKUENSI PENGURANGAN PENCEMARAN • POLLUTION PREVENTION • PRODUKSI BERSIH • POLLUTION CONTROL • END OF PIPE TREATMENT • LINGKUNGAN BERSIH • PRODUKSI FISIK BERKURANG

  8. Biaya Pajak BPPM-1 BPPM-2 BPPM-3 A X B Y t* t* C Pengendalian Pencemaran 0 S1 S2 S3 Gambar 1 Pengenaan Pajak lebih baik daripada Penentuan Baku Mutu Catatan: BPPM (Biaya Pengendalian Pencemaran Marginal)

  9. Biaya Manfaat BEM KBM H QTA Q* QTB W* Limbah Gambar 2 Tingkat Pencemaran Optimum

  10. Rp KBM BEM a (Pajak) t* t* b c d Jumlah produk 0 QS Qm 0 WS Wm Volume pencemaran Gambar 3 Pigovan Tax yang Optimal

  11. Rp Baku mutu KBM BEM B A t* t* D denda Jumlah produk Qp 0 QS Qm Qf 0 Wf WS Wm WP Volume pencemaran Gambar 4 Pengenaan Baku Mutu dan Pungutan

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