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Elaine Murakami Elaine.murakami@fhwa.dot FHWA Office of Planning May 2007

LEHD Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics http://lehd.dsd.census.gov/led/ U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Dept of Labor/ETA program. Elaine Murakami Elaine.murakami@fhwa.dot.gov FHWA Office of Planning May 2007. Outline. Importance of employment data and home-to-work flow Early findings

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Elaine Murakami Elaine.murakami@fhwa.dot FHWA Office of Planning May 2007

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  1. LEHDLongitudinal Employer Household Dynamicshttp://lehd.dsd.census.gov/led/U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Dept of Labor/ETA program Elaine Murakami Elaine.murakami@fhwa.dot.gov FHWA Office of Planning May 2007

  2. Outline • Importance of employment data and home-to-work flow • Early findings • Describe LEHD Process • Caveat Emptor! Review and Evaluation of the Data BEFORE using it for transportation purposes.

  3. Data Sources for Transportation Planning 23%

  4. Different universes between Decennial Census/ACS and LEHD

  5. Different timeframes between Decennial Census/ACS and LEHD

  6. Common sources of error that affect all home-to-work results • Incomplete address information results in inability to geocode work location • Incomplete geographic reference files (especially new commercial areas) also results in inability to geocode work locations. • Interpretation of WHERE is work? • Respondents in surveys, e.g. construction • Payroll offices, headquarters, school district hdqtrs

  7. LEHD Chart

  8. First release of “On the Map” (2002/2003 data) • School districts often linked to district headquarters office, rather than a specific school. The district headquarters’ address is incorrect. (Colorado) • State employees most often linked to an office in the State Capitol. (Illinois) • Too many “out of state” commutes • 40% of workers from “out of state” in the “On the Map” data, compared to 2% from “out of state” using the CTPP2000. (Illinois) • Average distance of home-to-work exceeding 25 miles where CTPP2000 found about 12 miles • CTPP more consistent with regional survey and model results. (California)

  9. Workers who work in Skokie, IL

  10. Workers who live in Skokie Downtown Chicago

  11. SF Bay : Hacienda Business Park Compare LEHD to CTPP Source: Steve Raney, Cities 21

  12. Are these isolated cases? • We do not believe that these problems are isolated incidents, but instead may reflect systematic problems that have not yet been identified and resolved. • Recommend thorough review of the data and processes before use by Transportation Planners.

  13. StARS QCEW (Covered Employment) MN Model

  14. Where are the Workplace Locations from? • Step 1. Establish a list of potential workplace locations. • QCEW provides the workplace addresses. Some addresses are payroll processing offices. • Step 2. Assign workers to a specific worksite using a model based on MN data. • Step 3. Add noise to protect confidentiality of firms

  15. Issues with QCEW • Variability among states in level of effort used to get Multiple Worksite Reports for large employers. • Variability in reporting from large employers for multiple worksite reports. • Professional Employment Offices (PEOs) provide staffing services to businesses to handle payroll, timecards, benefits. • This is a known problem in Florida, but may be increasing in other states. A few states now require PEOs to report individual addresses. • State and Local Government workers are OFTEN assigned to one location only (similar to business establishments) • The USDOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) sponsored research in IL and FL found that in IL, state government workers were nearly always assigned to Springfield IL. • School employees are often assigned to a School District office, rather than to individual schools.

  16. Model based on Minnesota data. • The MWR does not link individual employees by SSN to a specific worksite. • Only in Minnesota (MN) does the Unemployment Insurance (UI) file with SSN provide a link to a specific worksite. • Therefore, to assign individual workers to a specific worksite in all other states, a model was built using data from MN. • Step 3 (Disclosure proofing) only adds noise to the data.

  17. Residence Data: Statistical Administrative Research Systems: Issues • College/university students are most likely to report a parent’s address for their W-2, • Temporary employment may also create problems where a permanent address is used rather than an actual residence. • Potential problems with incorrect SSN linkages due to undocumented workers using “borrowed” SSNs. • Moving residences within a year. • Most residence information is taken from IRS 1040’s (April 1), but primary job is selected by highest earnings.

  18. Caveat Emptor ! • The On the Map project has promise in the long run, but for now, • Transportation Planners should not use the LEHD On the Map data without thorough review and evaluation as the first step. • Problems should be conveyed to the LEHD project team, so that research on the causes can be conducted.

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