The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution

2. The Industrial Revolution Approximately period from 1750-1900 Built on the breakthroughs of the Scientific Revolution - Chemistry - Physics - Mathematics - Biology Forces at work - Agricultural revolution - greatly increased food production - Population explosion - declining death rates - 120 million ?190 million (1700-1800)

3. Inventions and scientific 1sts Between 1840-1855 American dentist used anesthetic for 1st time French physicist measured speed of light German chemist developed Bunsen Burner Elias Howe made first sewing machine Hungarian doctor introduced antiseptic methods for women during childbirth

4. Industrial Revolution May be defined as the application of power-driven machinery to manufacturing and agriculture We�ll look at it under the following headings: 1/ How and where it started 2/ Major inventions 3/ Social consequences 4/ New ideas of the time 5/ Growth of industry and cities 6/ Cultural development

5. How and where it started-Britain Agricultural Revolution A. New methods improved crop yields 1. crop rotation ��Turnip Townsend� 2. Seed drill invented by Jethro Tull 3. Bred stronger farm animals

6. B. Enclosure movement 1. Fenced off land 2. Farm output rose, profits rose 3. Small farmers forced off land a. villages shrank b. farmworkers migrated to cities

8. C. Population Explosion (120�190 million) 1. Population boom A. Reduced risk of famine B. deadly diseases faded away C. better sanitation

9. How did an agricultural revolution contribute to population growth?

10. D. Energy Revolution 1. Waterwheels powered machines 2. Use of coal used to develop steam engine 3.1712-Thomas Newcomen developed the steam engine 4. 1769- James Watt improved steam engine 5. 1709- Abraham Darby- produced better quality, cheaper iron. A. Used to build iron bridges, railroads.

12. Major Inventions The Steam Engine - The �Engine� of the Industrial Revolution The Newcomen Steam Engine Steam power replaces water power first used to pump water from mines -later used to power textile factories

13. Major Inventions James Watt�s Steam Engine Greatly improved on Newcomen�s design Could be made small enough to put into mobile machinery Powered many devices previously powered by hand or water

14. Britain Leads the Way A. Key Factors why Britain was first 1. Large supply of coal and iron 2. Large numbers of workers 3. Plenty of skilled mechanics eager to meet demand for new inventions 4. Prospering British economy A. Business class willing to invest capital B. population explosion boosted demand for goods

15. 5. Stable government 6. Religious groups encouraged hard work 7.Production of better-quality and cheaper iron In 1708 Abraham Darby built the blast furnaces which revolutionized the iron industry by using coke to smelt iron ore instead of the traditional charcoal.

16. B. The textile Industry 1. New machines revolutionized making cloth A. John Kay invented flying shuttle, for weaving cloth B. James Hargreaves invented spinning jenny- spun many threads at same time C. Richard Arkwright invented the waterframe- used water power to speed production 2. Moved manufacturing from homes to 1st factories

17. C. Revolution of Transportation 1. 1700s Capitalists invested in improving transportation systems A. turnpikes-private roads that charge fee to use B. Canals dug to link rivers C. Built stronger bridges, upgraded harbors D. greatest invention-steam locomotive 1. 1st major rail line opened in England 1830 E. Steamboats invented to improve shipping