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Hinduism and Buddhism

Hinduism and Buddhism. Objectives WHI.4. The student will be able to: Describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Hinduism Describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Buddhism Essential Questions What are the beliefs of the Hindu religion?

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Hinduism and Buddhism

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  1. Hinduism andBuddhism

  2. Objectives WHI.4 • The student will be able to: • Describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Hinduism • Describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Buddhism • Essential Questions • What are the beliefs of the Hindu religion? • How did Hinduism influence Indian society and culture? • What are the beliefs of Buddhism? • How did Buddhism spread?

  3. Hinduism

  4. Origins • Aryan tribes from Central Asia invaded India around 1400 B.C. • brought Indo-European language and religion • Aryans first settled in Punjab (Northern India) • Migrated later to Ganges River Valley • No specific founder, no single theology, no agreement on origins • Word Hinduism sixth century B.C. to refer to people living in the area • Hinduism existed long before recorded history • Earliest surviving documents written in 1500 B.C.E. • Objects related to Hinduism date back to 2500 B.C.E.

  5. The Vedas • Hindu’s prefer term Vedic • Veda are Vedic text that provide the only written source for understanding religious life in ancient India • Considered sacred writings • Vedas compromised of 1,000 hymns followed by chants and prose works • Over time only highly-trained priest could perform the complicated Vedic rituals

  6. Sacred Writings • Upanishads • Record wisdom of Hindu teachers and sages as far back at 1000 B.C.E. • Nature of morality and eternal life • Transmigration of souls • Causality in creation • How to achieve moksha – a perfect understanding of all things • Bhagavad-Gita • Part of the Mahabharata- one of the longest books in the world • Dialogue between Arjuna (hero) and Krishna • Incredibly important cultural text

  7. Five Basic Beliefs • One God that takes multiple forms • Brahman • Supreme God • everything is part of Brahman • the goal in life is to unite atman with Brahman • Dharma • sacred duty • individual dharma is determined by personality, age, sex, and social class • following dharma promotes harmony • Karma • Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences • the sum of good and bad actions are carried from one life to the next • Reincarnation • Rebirth based upon your karma • Reincarnation ends when you reach Moksha • Liberation of the soul

  8. Practices • Rituals • Marriage: match must be approved by both parents, usually arranged, horoscopes drawn up, bride’s family pays dowry • Death: body cremated, body not required after death due to reincarnation • Worship called Puja • Worship often takes place in home • No particular day or time

  9. Deities Brahma: the Creator Vishnu: the Preserver

  10. Deities Siva: the destoyer Krishna

  11. Hinduism and Society • Karma and reincarnation reinforced caste system • Dominated every person’s life • Determined • How one ate • Personal cleanliness • Who one could be friends with • How one dressed • Hinduism spread along major trade routes

  12. Buddhism • Around 500’s B.C.E. • Founder Siddhartha Gautama • The Buddha or “Enlightened One”

  13. Story of the Buddha • Siddhartha came from a kingdom in Himalayas • Son of a ruling family, born 563 B.C. • Raised in luxury • At 16 married a princess • Had everything • In late 20’s became aware of illness, sickness, death and old age • Gave up his royal life to find the true meaning of life • At first followed the ascetics • But he almost died of starvation! • Turned to meditating • Reached “Enlightenment” • Spent his life preaching • His teachings became basis of Buddhism

  14. Principles of Buddhism • Four Noble Truths • Ordinary life is suffering • This suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy ourselves • The way to end suffering is to end desire for selfish goals • The way to end desire is to follow the middle path

  15. Eightfold Path • Right Views: knowledge of the 4 Noble Truths • Right Aspirations: discard desire and avoid hurting others • Right Speech: telling the truth • Right Conduct: not stealing or cheating • Right Livelihood: earning a living in a way that does not harm or cause bloodshed to others • Right Effort: thinking positively • Right Mindfulness: being aware of the effects of thoughts and actions • Right Meditation: allowing a peaceful state of mind

  16. Buddhism in India • Missionaries spread Buddhism throughout India • Asoka’s missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia • Hinduism dominated India • Most widespread religion in East Asia • Thanks to Asoka

  17. Revisit Objectives WHI.4 • The student will be able to: • Describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Hinduism • Describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Buddhism • Essential Questions • What are the beliefs of the Hindu religion? • How did Hinduism influence Indian society and culture? • What are the beliefs of Buddhism? • How did Buddhism spread?

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