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Hinduism and Buddhism

Hinduism and Buddhism. Vocabulary. Green Book. Red book. Hinduism p40 p62 Vedas p40 p59,62 Upanishads p40 p62 Caste p40 p60 Atman p41 Dharma p41 p65 Karma p41 p63 Brahmins p40 p59 Brahman p41 p62 Moksha p41 p63 Reincarnation p63 Vishnu

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Hinduism and Buddhism

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  1. Hinduism and Buddhism

  2. Vocabulary Green Book Red book • Hinduism p40 p62 • Vedas p40 p59,62 • Upanishads p40 p62 • Caste p40 p60 • Atman p41 • Dharma p41 p65 • Karma p41 p63 • Brahmins p40 p59 • Brahman p41 p62 • Moksha p41 p63 • Reincarnation p63 • Vishnu • Nirvana p42

  3. Origins of Hinduism • No real origins to speak of, • believed to come form traditions of the people from the Indus valley and the Religious beliefs of Aryans mingled • Origins about 2500-1500 BCE

  4. Holy Books • Vedas (a collection of hymns & religious rituals). • The Vedas are the oldest Hindu sacred text. • The Vedas were memorized & delivered as long hymns or songs by priest speaking Sanskrit (ancient Aryan language.) • The Vedas were passed down from generation to generation in oral form and were not written down for hundreds of years. • Upanishads- is an explanation of Vedas that is in depth and breaks them down as well.

  5. Caste System • Social class or social order of Indian civilization. • Brahmin-highest level of the caste (priests) • It was also brought in by the Aryans. • Early on there were only 4 castes & one group outside the caste system called the outcastes or untouchables. • Eventually many more castes developed usually tied to one’s job.

  6. Central Ideas • Moksha (liberation) – state of perfect understanding of everything • Karma – every action will affect rebirth • Reincarnation – soul is reborn after death of body • Vishnu (protector), Brahma (creator), Shiva (destroyer), and many other gods

  7. Virtue and Sin • Cardinal virtues: • Purity, self-control, detachment, truth, non-violence • Three Deadly Sins: • Lust, anger, greed

  8. Four Objectives in Life • Dharma (righteous path) • Artha (material prosperity) • Kama (worldly enjoyment) • Moksha (salvation)

  9. Spread of Hinduism • Became dominant religion in India between 1500 and 400 BCE • Spread over South East Asia, but replaced by Islam • Religion of 800 million Indians • Shaped Indian culture for about 3000 years

  10. Branches • Tamols • Vaishnavas • Shaivas • Shaktas (the last 3 are devoted to a particular god/ godess)

  11. Hinduism Today • There are almost 800,000,000 people worldwide practicing Hinduism. • It is known as the world’s oldest organized religion. (dating back to 1500BCE) • It is polytheistic, but today followers primarily worship Vishnu (the preserver of the universe) & Siva (the creator & destroyer).

  12. Vocabulary Buddhism • Buddhism p42 p64 • Siddhartha Gautama p42 p64 • Buddha p42 p64 • Enlightenment p64 • Four Noble Truths p43 p64 • Eightfold Path p43 p65

  13. Origins of Buddhism (563-480 BCE) • Siddhartha Gautama (AKA Buddha) • established the concepts and methods for reaching enlightenment. Founder of Buddhism: Siddhartha (Buddha). • Prince in Northern India • Influenced by Hindu beliefs and values

  14. He had no true understanding of the harshness of life. After venturing away from home and seeing death, sickness, & suffering, he decided to try and find an understanding to pain and suffering by seeking wisdom. • At age 29 he left his family and began to wander seeking wisdom and understanding to human suffering.

  15. Becoming Buddha • While seeking wisdom he tried several different methods. • He 1st tried to find wisdom and an understanding to suffering by fasting and strict discipline. He ate only a few grains (1-7) of rice a day. He became so starved and sick that you could see his backbone through his stomach. On the verge of death he realized that perhaps this was not the best way to seek wisdom. • He then went into a deep meditation. • It is said that he meditated for days before he finally discovered the true path to enlightenment. At this point he takes on a new name, Buddha “Enlightened One”.

  16. Buddha’s teachings • He believed in reincarnation. He believed that it depended on the life a person leads. Good is rewarded and evil is punished. • He taught that salvation or enlightenment could be attained by knowing and following the “4 Noble truths” & the Eightfold path or “Middle way”.

  17. Four Noble Truths • Life is full of suffering • Caused by desire to satisfy ourselves (selfishness) • End desire for selfish goals • Follow the Middle Path

  18. Middle Path • Speak the truth and speak well of others • Do not kill, steal, lie, be unchaste, or take drugs and drink alcohol • Control your mind • Meditate • Know what you really want

  19. Middle Path is … • This is a path to enlightenment. Each step must be mastered along the way. When you reach the end and finally become enlightened you will find “Nirvana” • Nirvana- The goal of Buddhism (is a perfect spiritual peace where one is released from the cycle of reincarnation.)

  20. Central Beliefs • Ultimate goal is nirvana • Everybody who follows Middle Path can reach it • Only one god • Monks and nuns in monasteries

  21. Spread of Buddhism • Quickly spread over India • Became official Religion under King Asoka (250 BCE) • Spread over East Asia and South East Asia (China, Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Tibet) • Today they have over 350 million followers.

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