ROME

1. ROME

2. Roma!

3. Early Trade • Grew from settlements around river Tiber • Crossroads of traffic and trade • Founded 8th Century BC by members of Latin tribe

4. Early Rome: Romulus and Remus Legend • Relatives: • Trojan prince Aeneas • Grandfather: King Numitor • Amulius—Numitor’s cruel brother • Rhea Silvia—Numitor’s daughter ***Remus and Romulus’ mother (a vestal virgin)

5. Romulus and Remus • Rhea Silvia—raped by Mars • Twins half-divine • 753 Rome founded • Amulius—supposed to drown Romulus and Remus • Saved and raised by she-wolf

6. She Wolf • Twins founded own city • Fratricide—Romulus killed Remus • Romulus became King of Rome (city named after him)

7. Frieze of Romulus and Remus being suckled by a wolf on the outside of a Roman Arena in Arles France

8. Rape of Sabine Women Roman men acquired wives from neighboring Sabine families. Latin “raptio” which means “abduction” in this context. Example of the hardihood of ancient Romans Opportunity to depict multiple figures

9. Rape of the Sabine Women Romulus and his men seek wives. Sabine men will not relinquish their women, fearing takeover. Romulus and men kidnap women. No sexual assault; Romulus promises women free choice and civic and property rights.

10. Another Legend of Early Rome: Roma

11. Roma • Dionysius recounts • Prince Aeneas –Trojan Prince • Long time in rough seas • Landed at the banks of the Tiber River • Men wanted to take to the sea again • Women didn't want to leave. • Roma, and women burning ships out at sea • Angry men • Ideal location to settle. • New settlement --ROME

12. Powerful neighbors to the north. Wanted Roman’s land. 575 BC—Etruscans moved into Rome and ruled for 60 years. Older, more advanced civilization. Rome learned quickly from them. The Etruscans

13. The Second King: Numa Pompilius • Etruscans established political control in the region by late 7th century BC. • Formed aristocratic and monarchial elite. • Lost power in late 6th century BC • Original Latin and Sabine tribes reinvented government. • Create a republic. • Greater restraints on ability of rulers to exercise power. • Forum Romanum as seat of power for the king, beginnings of religious center. • NumaPompilius was 2nd King of Rome (succeeding Romulus). • Began Rome’s great building projects with his royal palace—the Regia • Also built the complex of the Vestal virgins.

15. Roman Forum

16. The start of the Roman Republic • Established around 509 BC (when the last of the seven kings of Rome, Tarquin the Proud, was deposed) • System based on annually elected magistrates and various representative assemblies was established. • A constitution set a series of checks and balances (separation of powers). • 2 consuls: important magistrates; together exercised authority in the form of imperium (military command). • Consuls worked with the senate (an advisory council of the ranking nobility, or patricians).

18. Governance • Praetors—commander of an army or an elected magistrate. • Aediles—responsible for maintenance of public buildings and festivals. • Quaestors—supervised financial affairs. • Plebians—common people • Comitia centuriata (centuriate assembly)—voted on matters of war and peace and elected most important offices. • Comitia tributa (tribal assembly)—elected less important offices.

20. Roman Roads

21. Pont du Gard in France is a Roman aqueduct built in c. 19 BC.