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The Cold War

The Cold War. Overview. The Second World War Early Post War years The Cold War. World War 2. Basic timeline: 1936 Italy invades Ethiopia 1938 Germany invades Czechoslavakia 1938 Germany reunites with Austria 1939 Germany/USSR sign non-aggression pact Germany/Italy sign treaty

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War

  2. Overview • The Second World War • Early Post War years • The Cold War

  3. World War 2 • Basic timeline: • 1936 Italy invades Ethiopia • 1938 Germany invades Czechoslavakia • 1938 Germany reunites with Austria • 1939 Germany/USSR sign non-aggression pact Germany/Italy sign treaty • 1939 Germany invades Poland USSR invades Finland, Poland • 1939 Britain, France declare war on Germany

  4. World War 2 • 1940 Germany invades and conquers Denmark, Norway, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands • 1940 USSR invades Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia • 1940 Treaty signed between Germany, Italy, Japan, Romania • 1940 Italy invades Somalia, Egypt, Greece

  5. World War 2 • 1941 Germany invades Yugoslavia, Greece and USSR • 1941 Japan attacks China, French Indochina, and the US (Pearl Harbor) • 1941 US declares war on Japan, Germany declares war on US, US returns the favor

  6. World War 2 • 1942 German invasion of USSR stalls, USSR mounts counterattack • 1942 Britain, US forces stage counterattack for North Africa • 1943 Germany/Italy abandon North Africa, Allies invade Sicily • 1943 Soviet counterattack pushes Germany westward

  7. World War 2 • 1944 USSR pushes Germans back into Poland • 1944 Allies invade Italy • 1944 D-Day invasion of northern Europe (France) • 1944 Soviet troops push into Romania, Bulgaria • Allied troops push across France towards Germany

  8. World War 2 • 1945 Soviet troops reach Berlin (April) • 1945 German troops in Italy surrender (May) • 1945 German unconditional surrender (May 7) • 1945 US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima (August 6) and Nagasaki (August 9) • 1945 USSR declares war on Japan (August 8) • 1945 Japan surrenders (August 14)

  9. Post War • US, UK, and USSR meet at Yalta (February 1945) to begin discussions of how to end war • In exchange for Soviet declaration of war on Japan, USSR gets assurances from UK and US that they will respect Soviet security concerns in Eastern Europe

  10. Post War • Potsdam Conference (August 1945) • US, UK, and USSR divide up Germany into zones of occupation* • *Berlin, the capital, although in the Soviet zone, would itself be divided into 4 zones. • All three agree to zones of occupation in former Nazi regimes pending new elections

  11. Cold War • Following Potsdam, Soviet troops slow to withdraw from occupied areas • USSR begins to install friendly governments in occupied territories • In 1946, former UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill delivers speech warning of an “Iron Curtain” descending across Europe

  12. Cold War • President Truman advances the “Truman Doctrine” which pledges US committment to stop spread of communism in the world • US Foreign Policy adopts “containment” advanced by George Kenan and published in Foreign Policy magazine

  13. Cold War • In response to Communist success (or at least communist inroads), US announces Marshall Plan to provide economic relief to war torn Europe (1947) • 1948 Communist takeover in Czechoslavakia

  14. Cold War • In response to growing Soviet presence in Europe, US and UK put together a defensive alliance, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)

  15. Cold War • 1948-1949 USSR imposes blockade on Berlin in response to US/UK/French plans to create unified German currency and begin unification process • US/UK airlift supplies to Berline

  16. Cold War • 1949 Chinese civil war ends with Mao Zedong’s Communist Forces taking control of the country • 1949 Soviets explode their first atomic bomb

  17. Cold War • These two events lead to serious inquiries as to how this could have occured • The immediate solution was that Soviet agents within the US government and US society at large were responsible

  18. Cold War • Arms Race with Soviet Union • Mutual Assured Destruction • Global scramble to check expansion of Soviet Power • Internal search to root out Soviet spies and communist sympathizers

  19. Cold War • House Committee on Un-American Activities forms to investigate subversion with the US • Senate has Subcommittee on Investigations to handle similar tasks

  20. Cold War • June 1950, Korean War begins • US uses UN Security Council to get UN authorization to use force to repel invasion • 1953, War ends, with ceasefire line established at same line as pre-war border

  21. Cold War • 1954 CIA backs coups in Guatemala and Iran • 1955 USSR creates the KGB, an analog to the US CIA • 1955 USSR creates the Warsaw Pact, an analog of NATO

  22. Cold War • 1954 French forces defeated in French Indochina (Vietnam) • US brokers a peace treaty dividing Vietnam in half and calling for national unity elections

  23. Cold War • 1956 Soviet troops invade Hungary and install pro-Soviet regime • US President Eisenhower declines to send troops

  24. Cold War • 1959 Castro overthrows US supported government in Cuba • US backed unsuccessful invasion in 1960 (Bay of Pigs)

  25. Cold War Fears 1960 Nixon political ad 1961 Kennedy Inaugural Address 1964 Johnson ad

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