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STATUS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAM IN INDONESIA

This document discusses the current status of Indonesia's nuclear energy program, energy reserves, and the national energy policy. It explores the possibility of using nuclear energy to secure the country's energy supply, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and protect the environment. The document also provides an overview of the projected electricity demand and the potential for nuclear energy development in the future.

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STATUS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAM IN INDONESIA

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  1. STATUS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAM IN INDONESIA A.Y. Soetrisnanto, Suharno, H. Hastowo, S. Soentono International Conference on Fifty Years of Nuclear Power - the Next Fifty Years Moscow-Obninsk, 27 June – 2 July 2004 National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) Republic of Indonesia Tel: +62-21-5204243, Fax: +62-21-5251110 e-mail: arnold@batan.go.id, arnold_batan@cbn.net.id

  2. Energy Situation in Indonesia • The energy sector is of particular importance in the development of the Indonesian economy • Indonesia has considerable reserves of primary energy resources, even though not abundant • Indonesia’s population is be fourth largest in the world, while our energy reserves are small compared to the world’s energy reserves • Energy consumption is still low, ~ 500 kWh/cap (UNDP-HDI, 2002) • Actually, Indonesia will likely to change into oil importing country • Gas and Coal will be dominating the domestic energy mix in the future. However, it unquestionably will create some environmental problems.

  3. Energy Reserve in Indonesia, 2002

  4. National Energy Policy2003 - 2020 • Vision: • To secure the energy supply for national interest. • Mission: • To secure the continuity of domestic energy supply • To enhance the added value of energy sources • To manage the energy use ethically and sustainable in considering the preservation of environment • To make available the attainable energy for poor people and less develop region • To enhance the national capability for energy development.

  5. National Energy Policy(con’t) • Main policy measures: • Intensification: to increase the available energy sources • Diversification: to reduce the dependence on certain fuel types • Conservation: to enhance the efficiency of energy.

  6. National Energy Policy (con’t) • Additional supporting policy measures: • Development of energy infrastructure • Establishment of market mechanism • Protection of poor people to ensure energy accessibility • Preservation of environment • Establishment of partnership between government and private sector • Reinforcement the people to develop energy availability by themselves • Strengthening the research and development as well as training and education.

  7. ENERGY MIX FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ENERGY USED: MIX, OPTIMAL, INTELIGENT, AND WISE NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY FOSSILENERGY (hydrocarbon resources) HYDRO, Microhydro OIL Solar, Wind, Biomass, Geothermal, Hydrogen COAL GAS NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT INFRASTRUCTURE ENERGY SOURCES SOCIAL-CULTURE GEOPOLITIC ECONOMY NATURAL RESOURCES BASE TECHNOLOGY BASE (TECHNOLOGY MATURITY) LONG-TERM NATIONAL ENERGY PLANNING

  8. 9000 1 PJ = 175074 BOE PJ Services 1 PJ = 175074 BOE 8000 Household Transportation Industry 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1997 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Year Total Energy Demand per Sector in Indonesia

  9. Analysis: Export-Import of Fossil Fuel 2000-2025 (PJ/a) 1 PJ = 175074 BOE

  10. 600 500 biomass 400 geoth hydro TWh 300 sm_nuclear md_nuclear 200 lg_nuclear gas 100 diesel f-oil 0 coal 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 Electricity Projection in Indonesia Base on gas and coal, Total nuclear 6,08 GWe in 2025 100 GWe Normal national growth in 2005: 5% Average growth until 2025: 5,5–6% NPP construction 5 year Investment cost 1800 US$/kWe Capacity factor 85% 29 GWe

  11. The Possibility used of Nuclear Energy • Nuclear energy is mentioned in the National Energy Policy 2003 – 2020 as a possible energy to be developed in Indonesia when it is more economic, proliferation resistance, and environmentally friendly. • The Introduction of NPP in Indonesia is not only to reach an optimum energy mix considering costs and environment, but also to relieve the pressure arising from increasing domestic demand for fossil energy. • The role of NPP is clearly to stabilize and secure the supply of electricity, conserve strategic fossil energy resources and protect the environment from harmful pollutants as a result of the massif use of fossil fuels.

  12. 2010 2015 2025 2005 2000 2020 New Site-2 New Site-1 NPP NPP Muria-2 Muria-4 2022 Energy Planning 2023 Muria-1 Muria-3 Go Nuclear Bidding Construction NPP NPP NPP NPP 2020 2016 2017 2019 2008 2010 2004 Madura-2 Madura-1 Construction Bidding Nuc-Des Nuc-Des 2014 2012 2018 2019 NPP PROGRAM IN INDONESIA

  13. Investor (Foreign / Local) GOVT/State Own Co. Ministry of Energy BAPETEN VENDOR • Electricity Regulation • Certification • Nuclear Regulation • Site Data • Financing = X% BATAN NPP-Co/IPP • Data/Information • Technology • Consultancy • Man-Power • Training • Financing = (100 - X - Y)% • Site Execution • Construction • Witnessing • O & M Electricity State Company • Design/Technology • Financing = Y% NPP ORGANIZATION

  14. R & D activities on Nuclear Energy • Improvements in the performance, safety and environmental impacts of power generating plants are always in demand due to ever increasing quality requirements from the public and government. It is, therefore, absolutely necessary to undertake research and development in energy technology to achieve these desired improvements. • Research and development also are absolutely necessary for the operation, maintenance, improvement and development of human resources for NPP. Indonesia has made outstanding progress in the establishment and operation of Nuclear Science and Technology Bases during the last 40 years since 1964.

  15. R & D activities on Nuclear Energy • Available facilities: • Three research reactors (100, 2,000 and 30,000 kW), hot laboratory, RI production • Fuel element lab, fuel fabrication facility (for MTR reactor), waste processing facilities, etc.

  16. Reactor Core Control Room Research Reactor in Indonesia G.A.S Reactor in Serpong (30 MW) - since 1987 Kartini Reactor inYogyakarta (100 KW) - since1979 Triga Mark Reactor inBandung (2 MW) - since1964

  17. CONCLUSION • The energy problem in Indonesia will cause the utilization of nuclear energy could not be avoided in the second decades of 21st century, and the first NPP will be planned to be in operation around 2016 for Java - Bali grid. • Some political, economical, social and technical efforts have been done to realize the introduction of the first NPP in Indonesia. But apparently some preparation studies, assessments, and specific works still needed to conclude the objective. • In spite of the complete, comprehensive and long-time preparation has been already made, actually two main driving forces i.e. public-political acceptance, and economic-financing scheme are still critical for the prospect of the first NPP introduction in Indonesia

  18. Thank You for Your Attention

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