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Chapter 9 The America’s

Chapter 9 The America’s. I. The Earliest Americans. The Land Rockies and Andes are two great Mt. Ranges. Two great river systems Mississippi River – North America Amazon River – South America. Rockies. New Mexico. Rockies. Andes. Andes.

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Chapter 9 The America’s

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  1. Chapter 9 The America’s

  2. I. The Earliest Americans • The Land • Rockies and Andes are two great Mt. Ranges. • Two great river systems • Mississippi River – North America • Amazon River – South America

  3. Rockies

  4. New Mexico

  5. Rockies

  6. Andes

  7. Andes

  8. Bering Strait – narrow strip of water separating Asia from N. America • Beringia – Land bridge from Asia to America • People migrated over this bridge • They followed/looked for animals

  9. First Arrivals 1. Between 35,000 to 8000 years ago 2. Reasons for the migration a. Following animals b. Changes in Asia’s climate

  10. Creation Myths • Explains Native Americans origins. • Explains how world was formed

  11. Development of Agriculture 1. Massive climate changes occurred 2. Large animals became extinct. 3. Began in Mexico 4. Began in the America’s about 2000 years ago.

  12. 5. Took longer to develop a. No Plow b. No wheeled farming vehicles c. Used sticks to plant seeds • Importance a. People depended on it b. Food supply was stable and reliable c. Led to growth in populations and villages. d. Division of labor

  13. Section 2: Cultures of North America

  14. Northwest • Relied on fishing. • Expert weavers and woodworkers. • Remembered today because of their totem poles. (represented community) • Potlatches: Festive gatherings that a chief would give away goods to guests.

  15. Totem Pole

  16. Southwest • Hohokam People • One of their major communities was located on the now dry Gila River in Arizona. • Dated anywhere from 300 – 500 A.D.

  17. Hohokam • Farmers flourished by building irrigation systems. • Grew beans, corn and cotton. • During the 1300 and 1400’s, climate changes forced the Hohokam to abandon their communities.

  18. Southwest • Pueblo • Built permanent houses with adobe. • Adobe: Sun dried bricks. • Grew corn.

  19. The Great Plains • Area between the Rocky Mountains and Mississippi River. • People hunted wild buffalo that roamed the land. • No horses in North America at the time, so they used the jump kill method.

  20. Great Plains • Jump Kill: Scaring a herd of buffalo off of a cliff. • Buffalo had many purposes: • Food • Clothing • Tents (tepees) • Also became sacred and used in religion.

  21. The Great Plains • Used dogs to help them carry goods. • Tools were made from bone, stone and wood. • Also made pottery. • Grew beans, corn and squash.

  22. The Great Plains • 1400 A.D. • Life grew increasingly difficult. • Northern groups moved in and pushed them out. • A series of drought caused them to move.

  23. Eastern Woodlands • Present day Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. • Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi. • Some of North America’s most sophisticated cultures developed here.

  24. Eastern Woodlands • Hopewell • Ohio Valley Region • 300 – 200 B.C. • Jewelry, tools and weapons show they were skilled artists.

  25. Eastern Woodlands • Mississippians • 700 – 1550 A.D. • Lived along the Mississippi River and as far east as present day South Carolina. • Corn was their most successful crop. • Largest center was located near present-day St. Louis and was home to perhaps 30,000.

  26. Mesoamerica and Andean South America • By 1500 B.C., the peoples of Mesoamerica and Andean South America lived in villages. • Food surpluses allowed the growth of ceremonial and trading centers.

  27. Olmec • One of the earliest cultures in Mexico. • Started in 1200 B.C. • Flourished 800 years. • Large class of farmers and small elite.

  28. Olmec • Art suggests they worshipped a half man/half jaguar god. • Left behind at least 15 giant stone heads.

  29. Maya • Perhaps the most advanced. • Occupied most of the Yucatan peninsula south to present day El Salvador. • Skilled architects and engineers. • Build many pyramid shaped temples several stories high.

  30. Toltec • 800 A.D. • Invaded central Mexico from the north. • Also erected pyramid shaped temples. • Introduced metal working to the region. • Also practiced human sacrifice. • Capital city of Tula was destroyed in the 1100’s, ending Toltec power.

  31. Aztec • Had been wondering warriors. • Settled on an island in Lake Texcoco. • Built their city Tenochtitlan there. • Conquered peoples paid tribute or taxes to Aztec rulers.

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