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NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Explore the pivotal role of the Missouri Compromise in the slavery dispute, the election of 1824, charges of a "corrupt bargain," and the presidency of John Quincy Adams. Learn how Andrew Jackson's election reshaped American politics, leading to the emergence of a new two-party system. Witness the impact of these events on nationalism, economic growth, and the trajectory of democracy in the United States.

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NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

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  1. NATIONALISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Section 3: The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy

  2. Objectives: • What role did the Missouri Compromise play in the dispute over slavery? • How did the election of 1824 give rise to charges of a “corrupt bargain,” and what characterized John Quincy Adams’ presidency? • How did Andrew Jackson’s election break with the politics of the past?

  3. Why was there a need for The Missouri Compromise?

  4. The Problem There were 22 states in the Union in 1819 In half of the states- the “slave states” of the south-slavery was legal. In half of the states- the “free states” of the north-slavery was illegal. This exact balance between 11 slave states and 11 free states gave them equal representation in the U.S. Senate. If Missouri were admitted as a slave state, the balance would be upset.

  5. Solution The Missouri Compromise Agreement under which Missouri was admitted to the union as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state. The agreement also banned slavery in the northern part of the Louisiana Territory. The Missouri Compromise kept the balance between slave and free states.

  6. Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise addressed the issue of keeping a balance between slave states and free, it therefore brought the future of slavery itself into question.

  7. Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams Party: DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANHome State: MAElectoral Votes: 84 Pop. Vote: 113,122 (30.5%) Andrew Jackson Party: DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN Home State: TN Electoral Votes: 99 Pop. Vote: 151,271 (43.1%) William Harris Crawford Party: DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANHome State: GAElectoral Votes: 41 Pop. Vote: 40,856 (13.2%) Henry Clay Party: DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANHome State: KYElectoral Votes: 37 Pop. Vote: 47,531 (13.1%)

  8. John Quincy Adams 1824-1828 Planting the seeds of a “common revolution”

  9. Election of 1824 • Nationalism is being replaced by sectionalism. • Sectional candidates: Adams from Northeast, Crawford from South, Clay and Jackson from the West. • All were Democratic-Republicans. • The electorate voted along sectional lines.

  10. Popular vote: Election of 1824

  11. Popular and Electoral Vote %

  12. John Quincy Adams An economic nationalist with anti-slavery views Appealed to northern voters

  13. Henry Clay Clay the architect of the Missouri Compromise and the American System Drew support from the Midwest

  14. William Harris Crawford During the campaign Crawford was stricken with paralysis

  15. Andrew Jackson Famous military hero Represented the rural south

  16. John C. Calhoun Calhoun withdrew from the race, due to Jackson's support, and ran for vice president

  17. “Corrupt Bargain” Jackson received the popular vote, but no candidate won a majority of the electoral votes The House of Representatives chose a candidate from the top three candidates Clay supported Adams Adams won the election and names Clay his Secretary of State Jackson and his supporters accuse Clay and Adams of a “Corrupt Bargain”

  18. The “Corrupt Bargain” • John Quincy Adams made Henry Clay Secretary of State after Clay supported Adams for president. • Adams incurred widespread suspicion. • Suspicion combined with Adams’s personal unpopularity led to an unsuccessful presidency.

  19. Was it a “corrupt bargain”? • Plurality v. majority. • Jackson led in both electoral votes and popular votes. • House of Representatives had to decide the winner between the top three. • A hint of scandal: Does Clay support Adams in return for the Secretary of States’ chair?

  20. John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson William Crawford Henry Clay

  21. Impact • Adams wins, but bitter resentment is felt nationwide at the perceived injustice. Time for a new two-party system: • National-Republicans, later called Whigs. Led by Clay, Adams, and later, Daniel Webster. • Support: mainly from bankers, merchants, manufacturers, and large landowners.

  22. New parties National Republicans • Strong federal government. • A national bank. • Protective tariff. • Favored the interests of business. Which party of today does this resemble?

  23. Democrats • Will no longer be known as Democratic-Republicans • Led by Jackson and Martin Van Buren. Supported by: small farmers, newly emerging businessmen, and city workers. (common folk) • Urged greater democracy. • Claimed to represent the common man. • Generally opposed an all-powerful national government.

  24. The Election of Andrew Jackson • Introduced the spoils system • Included many common people in the celebration • It began the appointment to government posts of workers from all social classes • The nations voting rolls expanded

  25. “To the victor [winner], go the spoils.” The Spoils System allowed elected officials to give government jobs to their friends and supporters.

  26. Trail of Tears Documentary History Channel • Trail of Tears Documentary History Channel

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