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Annual Natural Gas Questionnaire Overview

Annual Natural Gas Questionnaire Overview. Energy Statistics Training Paris, 4-8 March, 2013 Ana- Luísa São-Marcos, HP Chung Annual Gas Statistics. Natural Gas Statistics Plan of the presentation. Background to Natural Gas Statistics

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Annual Natural Gas Questionnaire Overview

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  1. Annual Natural Gas Questionnaire Overview Energy Statistics TrainingParis, 4-8 March, 2013 Ana-Luísa São-Marcos, HP Chung Annual Gas Statistics

  2. Natural Gas StatisticsPlan of the presentation • Background to Natural Gas Statistics • Definitions; Global trends in Natural gas; Production, supply and consumption • Structure of the Questionnaire • Structure and presentation; basic concepts, overview of the tables, relations within the questionnaire • Data treatment • Submission; verification; specific problems • Access Natural Gas information/data

  3. Natural Gas Statistics Basics Natural Gas • comprises gases occurring in underground deposits, whether liquefied or gaseous, consisting mainly of methane. It includes:

  4. Natural Gas Gaseous gas Liquefied gas Same methane (CH4) content Different physical state Volume of natural gas varies with temperature and pressure At the IEA measured at 15 degrees Celsius and 1 atm Cooled at -160 degrees Celsius and 1 atm Liquefied gas shrinks more than 600 times in volume

  5. World total primary energy supply (1971-2010) Mtoe 16% 21% 2721 Mtoe GAS 977 Mtoe * Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc

  6. Natural gas production from 1971 to 2011 billion cubic metres (bcm) 1971 2011 3388 bcm 2.7 x 1226 bcm

  7. Natural gas production from 1971 to 2011 by region billion cubic metres 1226 bcm 3388 bcm 36% 71% * Asia excludes China

  8. Collecting • Processing • Disseminating 1 product = Natural Gas

  9. Natural Gas - Production NGL Annual Oil Questionnaire Other Separation (offshore wells) Extraction of Crude Oil and Associated Gas Crude Oil Associated Gas Wellhead Separation (onshore wells) Marketed Production Gas Flared or reinjected Annual Gas Questionnaire Removal of Liquids in Natural Gas Processing Plants Non-Associated Gas Extraction of Non-Associated Gas Removal of Sulphur and Impurities Vented Coal Mines Colliery Gas

  10. Natural Gas - Supply and Consumption Transformation Exports Stock Build Energy Distribution Losses Marketed Production Inland Consumption Transport Imports Stock Draw Industry ResidentialCommercialAgriculture

  11. Questionnaire structure Gas balance Production Imports Exports Stock Change Supply InlandConsumption (Calculated) Statistical Difference Transformation … Energy Sector … Final Consumption Transport … Industry … Other Sectors … Demand Inland Consumption (Observed)

  12. Questionnaire structure Gas balance Production Imports Exports … Table 3 Table 4 Table 1 Statistical Difference Transformation … Energy Sector … Final Consumption Transport … Industry … Other Sectors … Table 2a Table 2b

  13. Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 & 4 Inland consumption Exports/Imports Table 2b Table 5 Supply Total final consumption Gas storage capacity

  14. Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 &4 Inland consumption Exports/Imports Table 2b Table 5 Supply Total final consumption Gas storage capacity

  15. Supply of Natural Gas, Table 1 Year & Country

  16. Natural Gas QuestionnaireDefinitions and Basic Concepts • Supply – Table 1 • Indigenous Production • dry marketable production (after purification and extraction of NGL and sulphur) • Exclude gas vented and flared, losses, reinjected quantities • Imports and Exports • are considered imported or exported when having crossed the physical boundary of a country • Exclude transit and re-exports • Stock changes and levels • stock levels of recoverable gas, i.e. excluding cushion gas • change of stock is opening - closing stock levelof recoverable gas

  17. Natural Gas QuestionnaireDefinitions and Basic Concepts • Units: Natural gas data are collected in • Volume : million m3 - under Standard Conditions (15 degrees Celcius and 760 mm Hg) • Energy unit : TJ - Gross Calorific Value • Conversion • specific kJ/m3 calorific value • Indigenous Production • Imports • Exports • Inland Consumption (calc) • Inland Consumption (obs)

  18. Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 &4 Inland consumption Exports/Imports Table 2b Table 5 Supply Total final consumption Gas storage capacity

  19. Inland Consumption, Table 2a Inland Demand (Total Consumption) Only TJ, conversion in m3 is done at the IEA using Calorific value from Table 1 – Inland consumption obs. Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Total final consumption

  20. Natural Gas QuestionnaireDefinitions and Basic Concepts • Inland Consumption - Table 2a • Transformation Sector • Natural Gas used for producing another type of energy (electricity, heat) which is then used for final consumption • Example: Electrical power company (Main electricity producer) • Energy Sector • Natural Gas consumed by Energy Industry to support extraction or transformation activity. • Example: Liquefaction plants, Petroleum refineries • Distribution Losses (losses due to transport & distribution) • Total Final Consumption (end-use sectors)

  21. Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 &4 Inland consumption Exports/Imports Table 2b Table 5 Supply Total final consumption Gas storage capacity

  22. Inland Consumption, Table 2b Energy Use Non-energy Use Total Final Consumption TJ (GCV) Transport sector Industry sector Other sectors

  23. Natural Gas QuestionnaireDefinitions and Basic Concepts • Final Consumption - Table 2b (= delivered to final consumers) • Different Use • Energy Use • Report Natural Gas used as fuel (E.g. Compressed natural gas for use in road vehicles, natural gas used in households for heating purposes) • Non-Energy Use • Report Natural Gas used as a raw material for producing other products (Petrochemical Industry) • E.g. Natural gas used as feedstock to make hydrogen • 3 Sectors • Industry Sector (steel plants, cement plants, …) • Transport Sector (CNG in fuel stations, …) • Other Sectors (Households, hospitals, offices, …)

  24. Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 & 4 Inland consumption Exports/Imports Table 2b Table 5 Supply Total final consumption Gas storage capacity

  25. Imports/Exports, Tables 3 and 4 = Pipeline+LNG

  26. Imports / Exports - Tables 3,4 • Requested Data • 2 Units: Million m3 and TJ • Total imports and LNG => pipeline is derived • Geographical Breakdown • 70 import origins • 65 export destinations • Trade • Importance of the ultimate origin or destination • Transit trade and re-exports are not to be included

  27. A special case in trade reporting Imports LNG Exports Gaseous gas Country A Regasificationprocess (value added activity) Country B This is not transit and should be reported in both Imports and Exports tables

  28. Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 &4 Inland consumption Exports/Imports Table 2b Table 5 Supply Total final consumption Gas storage capacity

  29. Gas storage capacity, Table 5 Gas security – important energy policy issue in gas consuming countries In case of supply disruption it is crucial to know the available storage facilities in one region.

  30. Natural Gas QuestionnaireDefinitions and Basic Concepts • Gas Storage Capacity – Table 5 • Location of the storage • Type of storage • Depleted oil and gas fields • Aquifers • Salt Cavities • for LNG if it is above, in or below ground and # tanks • Technical Characteristics • Working Capacity = total gas storage capacity minus cushion gas • Peak Output = maximum rate at which gas can be withdrawn from storage

  31. Natural Gas QuestionnaireRelations between the tables Oil LPG Oil questionnaire Imports = Total Imports questionnaire Table 3 Table 3 Table 1 Table 1 Imports by Origin Imports by Origin Manufactured Coal Exports = Total Exports Table 4 Coal gases Table 4 Table 1 Table 1 questionnaire questionnaire Exports by Destination Table 1 Exports by Destination Table 1 Supply Supply Inland Consumption Table 2 (observed) Table 2 Renewables = Inland Consumption Inland Consumption Renewables Biogases Inland Consumption questionnaire questionnaire = Transformation + Energy + Distribution = Transformation + Energy + Distribution Table 1 Table 1 Losses + Total Final Consumption Losses + Total Final Consumption Electricity and Table 2b Inputs to Gross Electricity Table 2b Table 2a Table 2a Electricity and and Heat Production Heat Heat Total Final Consumption by sector Total Final Consumption by sector Inland questionnaire questionnaire Net Inland Consumption by Sector Energy - use Non - energy Table 6a - 6c Table 6a - 6c Consumption by Sector Energy - use Non - energy use use

  32. What happens when data arrive at IEA? World … OECD …

  33. Natural Gas QuestionnaireData treatment • What happens when data arrive at IEA? • Questionnaire in excel format received via E-mail on Generic Account • Or data can be uploaded or entered into a web-based version of the questionnaire (EDC) • Data are loaded in the IEA databases • Data are checked • Arithmetically • Internal consistency • Inter-fuel comparison • Time Series Check • Comparisons of monthly and annual data • Comparisons with national publications

  34. Some specific problems regarding gas reporting • Trade • increasing difficulties with liberalised market • transit trade is often reported as import / export • spot purchases • exchange contracts • Units • measurement in million cubic metres under Standard conditions - often reported under Normal conditions • data in TJ often reported as Net rather than Gross

  35. Accessing Natural Gas information • Natural Gas Information (hard copy, pdf) • CD-ROM • On-line Data Service • Pay-Per-View • Data download • Derived publications/analysis: • Energy Statistics of OECD Countries • Energy Balances of OECD Countries • CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

  36. Natural Gas Questionnaire Exercise Preparation Key Points • Units of Measurement • Calorific Values • Weighted Average • Production • Trade: Imports and Exports • Electricity and Heat Generation

  37. Natural Gas Questionnaire Units of Measurement • Energy- Terajoule (TJ) • Physical- Volume: 106 cubic meters (Mm3) • Volume varies with temperature and pressure Normal Condition 0 ⁰C (273.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm) Conversion Factors Standard Condition 15 ⁰C (288.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm) 1 m3 x 0.948 0.948 m3 x 1.055

  38. Natural Gas Questionnaire Units of Measurement • Energy- Terajoule (TJ) • Physical- Volume: 106 cubic meters (Mm3) • Volume varies with temperature and pressure Normal Condition 0 ⁰C (273.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm) Conversion Factors Standard Condition 15 ⁰C (288.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm) 1 m3 x 0.948 0.948 m3 x 1.055 Same energy content

  39. Natural Gas Questionnaire Units of Measurement In the questionnaire, data must be reported: • For volume: Mm3 in the standard condition • For energy: TJ on the basis of Gross Calorific Value (GCV)

  40. Natural Gas Questionnaire Calorific Values • The calorific value is heat value obtained from one volume unit of gas (e.g. TJ/Mm3) • Gross Calorific Value (GCV) includes all the heat released by the fuel • Net Calorific Value (NCV) excludes the latent heat of vaporization • The difference between NCV and GCV is typically about 10% for natural gas. For natural gas: NCV ≈ 0.9 GCV

  41. Natural Gas Questionnaire Calorific Values • Calorific values of gas may differ for different flows such as: • Production from different fields or same field but different reservoirs • Imports from different countries • Calorific values change over time (e.g. imports from different countries) • Use a weighted average that takes into account the proportional magnitude of each component rather than treating the components equally

  42. Natural Gas Questionnaire Weighted Average Calorific Value Definition: where: CV = Calorific Value (e.g. kJ/kg) Quantity = Physical Quantity (e.g. kg)

  43. Natural Gas Questionnaire Weighted Average Calorific Value Example: Country A

  44. Natural Gas Questionnaire Example: Country A Weighted Average Calorific Value

  45. Natural Gas Questionnaire Production Flow

  46. Natural Gas Questionnaire Production Flow

  47. Natural Gas Questionnaire Production Flow

  48. Natural Gas Questionnaire Production Flow

  49. Natural Gas Questionnaire Trade: Imports and Exports • Imports: ultimate origin of gas (country of production) • Exports: ultimate destination (country of consumption) • Transit and Re-exports not include in trade balances Example: Russia exports 200 m3 of natural gas. The pipeline goes through Ukraine before reaching Poland. Ukraine consumes 100 m3 and the rest goes to Poland. Then, Poland consumes 50 m3 of the natural gas and exports 50 m3 to Czech Republic

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