1 / 29

Phrases

Phrases. Find the subject. What is the subject of the verb destroy ? He could only have been chosen had there been no other credible candidate, and Baldwin's performance from the date of the Carlton Club meeting forward had destroyed this possibility.

thalia
Download Presentation

Phrases

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Phrases

  2. Find the subject • What is the subject of the verb destroy? • He could only have been chosen had there been no other credible candidate, and Baldwin's performance from the date of the Carlton Club meeting forward had destroyed this possibility.

  3. Baldwin's performance from the date of the Carlton Club meeting forwardhad destroyed this possibility.

  4. Baldwin's performance from the date of the Carlton Club meeting forward had destroyed this possibility. • Who had destroyed the possibility? • Baldwin • The performance • The Carlton Club • The meeting

  5. Phrase • Sentence constituents (parts) can be expressed through more than one word. • A group of words functioning as one is a phrase.

  6. What’s wrong? • President the new/ be will/ competent very. • SU P SA • Word order inside the phrase is rule governed.

  7. Noun (N) Pronoun (Pron) Verb (V) Adjective (Adj) Adverb (Adv) Preposition (P) Conjunction (Conj) Interjection (Interj) Noun Phrase (NP) Verb Phrase (VP) Adjective Phrase (AdjP) Adverbial Phrase (AdvP) Prepositional Phrase (PP) Word Classes and Phrases

  8. Structure of phrases • A phrase can consist of several words. • A phrase can consist of one word • Convention: the constituents of a sentence are PHRASES. He came in. The goat has come inside the room NP VP PP

  9. The Head • One word in the phrase is more important than the rest. • HEAD: The most important word in the phrase. • It determines the meaning of the phrase • It determines the function of the phrase • The phrase has the same distribution as its head.

  10. little cats with green eyes is same as… • (a) little (b) cats (c) green (d)eyes • I like little cats with green eyes . -> • I like …

  11. most remarkably hot is same as • HOT [adjective] • This is a most remarkably hot day. [adjective phrase] • This is a hot day.

  12. almost halfway inside is like • (a) almost (b) halfway (inside) • He crept almost halfway inside . • He crept almost. • He crept halfway. • He crept inside.

  13. Noun Phrase

  14. The Structure of Noun Phrases • determiner, • pre-modifier, • HEAD, • post-modifier • det:art premod:AdjP head:noun post-mod:FC • The taut ropes that control the sail of a ship

  15. Determiners • Central determiners: • a, the, this, that, every, each, no, some • Pre-determiners: • all, both, half, double, twice, three times, one-third, such, what • Post-determiners: • cardinal numerals: one, ten • ordinal numerals: first, second • closed-class quantifiers :many, a few, several; • open-class quantifiers: plenty of, a lot of, great deal of, a small quantity of

  16. Pre-modifiers: Adjectives Black cat Tiny, black cat Fearless, tiny, black cat

  17. Adjectives? • City life • Stone wall • Flower pattern

  18. Adjective or noun? • one stone wall - two stone walls • very hot • * very stone wall • hotter • *stoner wall

  19. Pre-modifiers: Genitives • Specifying genitive: ownership • the boy's book; your son's book • Classifying genitive: kind • a children's book; women’s jeans

  20. Kind or property? • The old children’s books • The two children’s house

  21. Post-modifiers • phrases: • the boy ahead; the boy nearyou • finite clauses (FC): • the boy who walked into the room • non-finite clauses (NFC): • the boy living next door

  22. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers • My friend who has moved to London called last night (restrictive)--> • I have several friends • One of them has moved to London • Peter, who has moved to London, called last night. • there is just one Peter--> • he has moved to London

  23. Relative clauses and relative pronouns • who, whom, whose: refer to persons • which refers to things • that can refer to both persons and things, but only in restrictive relative clauses. • The boy that I told you about went to London • The car that I bought is very good • *The boy, that moved to London, returned • *The car, that is very good, was expensive

  24. that Deletion • that can be dropped if it is not subject. • The boy1that I told you about t1 went to London • The boy1 ___ I told you about t1 went to London • The boy2 that t2moved next door is nice • * The boy2 ___ moved next door is nice

  25. Ellipsis in relative clauses • A subject followed by a be verb may be ellipted in a dependent clause. • Where is Sandra, who is the girl who lives next door? • Where is Sandra, __ the girl who lives next door? • Dr. Wilcox, who is unable to attend the meeting, will be here later. • Dr. Wilcox, __ unable to attend the meeting, will be here later.

  26. Adjective Phrase • Premodifiers: AdvP • HEAD: adjective • Post-modifiers: AdvP, PP, clause • premod: AdvP head: adj post-mod:PP • Very good at smimming

  27. Discontinuous constituents • disc-mod1 head:adj disc-mod2 • So good that he may participate in the Olympics • disc-mod1 head:adj disc-mod2 • Too goodto participate in the local games

  28. Prepositional Phrase • Pre-modifier: AdvP • HEAD: preposition • complement: NP, clause • premod:AdvP head: prep complement: NP • Right into the fire

  29. The Structure of Phrases

More Related