Empire of India 8a

1. Empire of India 8a World Studies Stankiewicz

2. Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism and Buddhism Lesson 8a

3. Essential Questions • Why is Hinduism such a complex religion? • What are the central teachings of Hinduism and Buddhism? • How was the caste system linked to Hindu beliefs? • How did Buddhism become a major religion? • How will I pass the next assessment?

4. Hinduism • Evolved over 3500 years ago • Absorbed many diverse beliefs and forms of worship • Polytheistic – in a diverse way!

5. Hinduism • ___________________________________ • Very complex religion • Grew out of overlapping beliefs of groups who settled the Indian subcontinent • Brought different gods, practices, customs • Aryans one of the groups

6. Hindu Openness • One can believe a wide variety of things about God, the universe and the path to liberation and still be considered a Hindu. • This attitude towards religious belief has made Hinduism one of the more open-minded religions when it comes to evaluating other faiths. • Probably the most well-known Hindu saying about religion is: “______________________________________

7. Hindu Basic Beliefs - 1 • Despite the diversity and origins the Hindu religion contains _____________________ • The basic beliefs are generally regarded as boundaries outside of which lies either heresy or non-Hindu religion

8. Hindu Basic Beliefs - 2 • The core of Hinduism is the belief in ________________, the underlying universal life force that encompasses and embodies existence. • Brahman is too complex idea for most people to comprehend so the people ___________________that give concrete form to Brahman

9. Basic Hindu Beliefs - 3 • Most Hindus believe in ________________________________________ and cannot be completely known by humanity. • Individual gods and goddesses are ______________________ of this cosmic force.

10. Basic Hindu Beliefs - 4 • Most followers of the Hindu faith worship those deities that they believe influence them. • They choose _______________________ • Then conducts rituals designed to help contact with them. • A Hindu follower strives to experience their unity with that cosmic force.

11. Shiva - Creator and Destroyer • ________________the old while creating the new. • Has a ________________ aspect of his complex nature • _________________________ • Loving • __________________________ • Ferocious

12. Shiva • Often shown with a __________________symbol of fertility and strength, wrapped around his neck. • Shiva often has four arms, signifying his _____________ power

13. Vishnu - “The Preserver” • Represents _________________________. • Vishnu is recognized by the four symbols he carries: _________________________. • In paintings and prints, Vishnu is often shown with ___________________, a device to accentuate his otherworldliness

14. Vishnu Not always blue skin

15. Devi – The Protecting Mother • Sometimes known simply as the ___________ • Appears in some form in every region of _______________________

16. Devi • Identified as the creative energy of the universe, and is considered by her followers the equal of ____________________________________

17. Hindu – Goal of Life • According to Hindu scriptures, one's ignorance of the true nature of the self (atman) as one with Brahman is what traps one in the cycle of endless death and reincarnation (samsara). Thus, the highest goal of Hinduism is liberation (moksha) from the ___________________________.

18. Karma and Dharma • _________________a – all actions in a person’s life that effect his or her fate in another life • All existence is ranked • Humans • _____________________ • Plants • Objects

19. Karma and Dharma • ______________ – the religious and moral duties of an individual • Duties vary according to class, occupation, gender or age • By obeying one’s _______________ one acquires merit for next life • Lead to development of _______________

20. Caste System • Made up of four varnas that determine one's occupation: ______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • There is also one group outside the caste system: Harijans (once known as _______________) • Within each of these categories are the actual "castes" or jatiswithin which people are born, marry, and die. .

21. Caste System • Pyramid shows Distribution and Relative population

22. Brahmins • _________________ • those engaged in sacrifices, and priestly functions • Probably reincarnated __________________ • Initiation of a Brahmin boy

23. Kshatriyas (nobles and warriors) • _________________________, landowner

24. Vaishya • _________________ • Merchants • Farmers • _________________

25. Sudras • ________________ • Artisans • Work on farms • Laborers, craftsmen, service professions

26. Harijans/Dalit • Once known as untouchables • _______________________________________________ • Untouchable caste women carrying water

27. Hinduism Reformed • __________________became too powerful • Insisted they alone could perform sacred rituals • Enter Siddhartha Gautama • Gautama Buddha: _______________________

28. Gautama Buddha: “The Enlightened One” • Born about 566 BC • High Ranking from Kshatriya caste • ______________________________________________________ • Parents did not want this

29. Guatama • Sheltered life • One day came into contact with poor sick man • Awareness of human suffering deeply effected him • ___________________________________and went wandering for a place where there is no suffering or death

30. Guatama • Wandered for years • Finally sat to meditate and was revealed the mystery of life • Tempted for _______________by evil spirits • Arose with answers and was now Buddha

31. Buddhism • Like Hinduism includes a wide variety of beliefs • Grew out of Vedic traditions • Both ______________________________________________________________________ • Both have ________________ as a central tenant of their faith

32. Buddha – Four Noble truths • Truth One according to Buddha • ______________________________________ • Suffering and frustration come from difficulty in facing the basic fact of life that everything is impermanent and transitory.

33. Buddha – Four Noble truths • Truth Two according to Buddha • __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

34. Buddha – Four Noble truths • Truth Three according to Buddha • __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • The cure for suffering lies in the overcoming of cravings for these things

35. Buddha Four Noble Truths • Truth Four according to Buddha • ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

36. Right Understanding Right Thought Right Speech Right Action Right Livelihood Right Effort Right Mindfulness Right Concentration Eightfold Plan

38. Right Understanding The knowledge of the Four Noble Truths The understanding of ________________________________________________________________________ Right Thoughts  Thoughts of renunciation which are opposed to sense-pleasures Thoughts of ________________________________________________________________________ Eightfold Plan

39. Right Speech ___________________________________, stealing, slandering, harsh words and frivolous talks Right Action refraining from killing, stealing and unchastity. develop a character that is ____________________________________ and mindful of right of others. Eightfold Plan

40. Eightfold Plan • Right Livelihood deals with the five kinds of trades which should be avoided by a lay disciple. • (a) trade in deadly weapons      (b) trade in animals for slaughter      (c) trade in slavery      (d)trade in intoxicants      (e)trade in poisons • Right Livelihood means ________________________________________________________________________________________

41. Eightfold Plan • Right Effort is fourfold, namely: (a) the endeavor to discard evil that has already arisen.      (b)the endeavor to prevent the arising of unrisen evil.      (c)the endeavour to develop that good which has already arisen.      (d)the endeavour to promote that good which has not already arisen.

42. Eightfold Plan • Right Mindfulness is also fourfold: •      mindfulness with regard to body      mindfulness with regard to feeling      mindfulness with regard to mind      mindfulness with regard to mental objects. • Right Mindfulness is the awareness of one's deeds, words and thoughts.

43. Eightfold Plan • Right Meditation • Gradual process prepare one for the attainment of Wisdom and Enlightenment ultimately

44. Buddhist Sects • Divided into two major sects • ___________________________________ • Closely followed Buddha’s original teachings • Hard • ___________________________________ • Easier for ordinary people • Less strict

45. Spread of Buddhism • Origins in Himalayan area • Spread all over southeastern Asia • In India declined • Most of Buddhism absorbed into Hinduism in India • ______________________________________ • ____________________ destroyed most of remaining Buddhist centers

46. Summary and Some Resources • http://home.iirt.net/~sitthi/8foldpath.html • http://www.godrealized.com/hinduism_beliefs.html • http://www.friesian.com/caste.htm • http://www.souledout.org/wesak/4nobletruths.html