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Bellringer

Explore indulgences, Martin Luther, John Calvin, and key events of the Protestant Reformation. Learn about the Peasant's Revolt, Calvinism, and the spread of Protestant ideas in Europe.

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer What are indulgences?

  2. Bellringer What are indulgences? Pardons issued by the Pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory

  3. Today Objective-The Protestant Reformation continues • Aftermath of Luther. Who were Reformers who followed Martin Luther?

  4. Terms and People • indulgences – in the Roman Catholic Church, pardons for sins committed during a person’s life • Martin Luther –the German monk who triggered the revolt against the Roman Catholic church in 1517 • Wittenberg – city in northern Germany where Luther drew up his 95 Theses • Charles V – the Holy Roman emperor who ordered Luther to recant his 95 Theses • diet – assembly or legislature • John Calvin – a reformer who preached predestination and living a saintly life • predestination – the idea that God had predetermined who would gain salvation • Geneva – the Swiss city where Calvin was asked to establish a Christian community • theocracy – a government run by religious leaders

  5. A month after the Diet of Worms Charles issued an imperial order • Edict of Worms declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic • No one could give Luther food or shelter • Luther was given shelter & protection by Fredrick the Wise • Luther translated the Bible into German

  6. Many northern princes supported Luther • The German princes became known as Protestants. • Eventually all non-Catholic Churches became known as Protestants

  7. People began to apply Luther’s ideas of spiritual freedom to society • Peasant's Revolt of 1524 • German peasant's demanded an end to serfdom. • Mobs of angry peasants pillaged & burned. • The revolt horrified Luther who wrote a pamphlet encouraging the prince’s to show no mercy • The prince’s armies crushed the revolt. • As many as 100,000 were massacred

  8. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V went to war against the Protestants • He defeated them in 1547 but could not force them back into the Catholic church. • All princes assembled in the city of Augsburg • Peace of Augsburg- religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler

  9. The Reformation Spreads • Ulrich Zwingli- Protestant leader in ZurichSwitzerland. • Wanted to start a theocracy

  10. theocracy • A government in which the church & state are joined. OR Rule by Religious leaders Iran is a modern example of a theocracy

  11. John Calvin • John Calvin, a French-born priest and lawyer, was strongly influenced by these Reformation ideas. In 1541, the people of Geneva, Switzerland, invited Calvin to lead their community

  12. Next to Luther John Calvin is the most important Protestant reformer

  13. Calvin’s major work • Institutes of the Christian Religion

  14. Authority of Scripture "For anyone to arrive at God the Creator he needs Scripture as his Guide and Teacher." Major ideas of John Calvin

  15. Calvin preached predestination: God knows who will be saved before they are born & guides those destined for salvation God elects God chooses John Calvin: God is Sovereign

  16. Calvin preached in Geneva, Switzerland • Those who followed Calvin became known as Calvinists. • Calvinism spread to Netherlands, France, Scotland

  17. CALVINISM • Started in Switzerland – Calvinists • England = Puritans • Scotland = Presbyterians • Holland = Dutch Reform • France = Huguenots • Germany = Reform Church

  18. John Knox • Spread Calvinism into Scotland • He started the Presbyterian Church

  19. Anabaptists Radical Reformation • Believed in complete separation from the world • Believed in rebaptizing adults • Pacifists • Mennonites, Amish, Hutterites Menno Simons Founder of the Mennonites

  20. Examine Woodcut illustrations • Woodcuts could be used as political cartoons. Examine the woodcuts below & answer the questions. Then Make your own cartoon

  21. 1. Complete the Guided reading Answer the Constructed response questions 2.Luther & Protest: Martin Luther’s 95 Theses Enough is enough Use Luther as a model What would you protest? Next: Look at the 95 Theses:

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