Design Studies

1. Design Studies Observational Diary Andrew Pichner Fapio Lai Kian Leong Lai

2. How People Eat Observations – Andrew Pichner

3. Hypothesis How people consume food is largely influenced by external factors These observations try to recognize these factors There may be scope for optimization and improvement of current trends, habits and practices

4. Technique Two separate techniques: Note taking in day-to-day observation Various meals at different times of the day Photographing Interesting meals and occurrences

5. Observations • A seemingly endless scope for investigation • Wide range of different food and utensils • Different locations, and times • People of all ages • Different situations • People with company or not • Environmental influences • Time constraints • Innumerable combinations and variations

6. Observations – Note Taking Table formulated from notes taken in every day situations, observing how myself and others eat.

7. Observations - Photographing

8. Analysis General trends: • Eating with others encourages ‘better’ table manners • Increased cutlery use • Less use of hands and improvisation • Food is often consumed out of disposable containers and packaging when ‘on the go’ • In typically ‘non-eating’ settings (i.e. train) people appear to have difficulty, so they prefer easier to handle foods

9. Analysis (Continued) • People take the lazy/easy/fast option when they can • Take-away, using hands, eating in transit • The way in which people eat tends to be influenced by a whole range of factors and not only the desire for food • When better eating habits are expected people will usually meet these expectations

10. Conclusions Either the way in which we eat or what we eat may need to change for our modern world People no longer have the time or energy as they used to Price is extremely important, as is convenience In its present state our eating habits are promoting an unhealthy lifestyle, therefore we should strive for change

11. How Backpacks Are Used Group Observation

12. Hypothesis Backpacks/bags can be better tailored towards specific uses By observing our own usage styles and experiences any shortcomings may present themselves

13. Technique This observation was completed in two parts: Photographing the contents of our backpacks, and how they’re used Taking inventories of the items inside our backpacks when being used for different purposes

14. Observations The bag has a cool storage pocket for food. The bag designed by Nike has what Nike called Max Air straps. These pocketed little air straps makes the straps feel more comfortable for the shoulders when there is load. Medium sized backpack designed by Nike. It has 7 storage pockets plus a laptop storage pocket inside the bag. This pocket is used to hold drink bottles but in this case it is holding a pencilcase.

15. Observations (Continued) The second pocket has a smaller netted pocket inside in which valuables are placed and protected. The primary storage space of the bag consists of a laptop pocket. This enables the user to store their laptop safely without it moving around the backpack while on the move.

16. Observations - Inventory Backpack/bag inventories taken over a period of one week.

17. Analysis • Photographing our backpacks proved to be a useful tool to identify areas where our bags were used differently than they were intended • E.g. pencil case in the drink bottle holder • Taking inventories showed that different backpacks were used, sometimes for the same purpose. • It also showed that the bags were not specifically created for a single purpose • Even if they were, the user likes to dictate and change how it is used

18. Conclusions • Bags and backpacks may have room for more refinement and development to meet the needs of the ‘modern person’ • Perhaps a modular system would be useful as peoples needs and requirements are constantly changing • Contrastingly, bags and backpacks could be created even more specifically to hone in on what people use them for

19. How Remote Controls Are Used Kian Leong Lai

20. What Was Observed General layout of a TV remote How people (adults/teenagers/children) used it Sitting Standing Lying down Different ways they held the remotes Remote placement before and after watching TV Where remotes were misplaced

21. General Layout

22. Ways In Which Remotes Were Held 1. Two Hands 2. One Hand

23. 3. One Hand Shuffle up and down, only top half of remote

24. Discoveries • Cleaner environment, less likely to misplace/lose remote • Less people reduces chances of losing remote • Kids and teenagers are more likely to lose remote • Having children using the TV increases chances of losing remote • People use one hand to change channel when they know what channel they want • People use 2 hands if they are flicking through multiple channels to find a suitable channel • Adults are more likely to keep in mind where they place remote • Lazier people or people who are in comfortable positions tend to press remote while its on a surface when changing channels

25. Discoveries (Continued) • People coming home from work/school tend to turn on remote and toss it on couch • Older people tend to place remote near them; on arm chair or stick in between seats • Places where they lose remote include in blankets, under couch, on the floor or on kitchen tables • Three(3) ways people held their remotes • Majority of people turned TV on whilst standing, before they sit • People who turn away from TV tend to use one hand to turn on TV • People who stand and face TV use two hand method to turn on TV

26. Discoveries (Continued) • Places where people put remotes • Sitting • Next to them on seat • Squeezed in between couch seats • On arm chair • Laying down • Next to their head • Squeezed in between couch seats • On floor near head • No one used smart TV (NetCastfor LG TV) • They didn’t know how to use it • They don’t see the point in having it

27. Remote Loses Per Week    (-) indicates number of members Family 1 (8) Family 2 (2) Family 3 (4) Family 4 (5) 6 2 4 4 Family 1: consists of 6 adults (4male, 2female) 2 children (1male, 1female) Family 2: consists of 2 adults (1male, 1female) Family 3: consists of 2 adults (1male, 1female) 2 children (2male) Family 4: consists of 3 adults (1male, 2female) 2 teenagers (1male, 1female)

28. Conclusions Three out of four families used protective covers had helped protect the buttons from being worn out from excessive usage. Either using glad wrap or the plastic that the remote came in. The last family did not use a cover which resulted in worn out buttons.

29. How Laptops Are Used Fapio Lai

30. Most Popular Most Popular Brands Most Popular Programs

31. Laptop Use How people use their laptops Personal Preferences

32. Laptop Use (Continued) How people transport their laptop Average Use Protection (cases, covers etc.)

33. Thank-you for listening!