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World War II

World War II. Causes of World War II. 1. Treaty of Versailles. A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations. B. War Reparations. 1) Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S. 2) Germany must pay $57 trillion (modern equivalent) 3) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed Germans.

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. Causes of World War II 1. Treaty of Versailles A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations B. War Reparations 1) Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S. 2) Germany must pay $57 trillion (modern equivalent) 3) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed Germans

  3. 2. World-wide Depression A. The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders 1) Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems 1923 - Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks

  4. 3. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes A. In a Totalitarian country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation Communist Dictatorship (USSR) Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy) Fascism: military government with based on racism & nationalism with strong support from the business community Totalitarianism Military Dictatorship (Japan)

  5. 4. Isolationism of Major Powers A. Why was the U.S. Isolationist? 1. Great Depression (problems at home) 2. Perceptions of WWI a. WWI did not seem to solve much b. People began to think that we’d got into WWI for the wrong reasons (greedy American businessmen!)

  6. So What Was Hitler Asking For? • Return of German Speaking Lands - “Lebensraum” • Austria - Peacefully Annexed in 1938 German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939

  7. Munich Conference - Great Britian & France give to Hitler in return for peace • Sudentenland - (now part of Czech Republic) • Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia

  8. Nonaggression Pact Russia stays out of the war in return for 1/2 of Poland • Great Britain & France finally declare war on Germany Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939

  9. How Did Hitler Make War? • In the next year, Hitler invades: • Denmark • Norway • The Netherlands, • France Hitler in Paris

  10. Battle of Stalingrad(June 1941 – January 31, 1943) • Germans violated nonaggression pact with Soviet Union and attacked them • Hitler hoped to captured Soviet oil fields • Germans nearly won (controlled 9/10 of the city) • Hitler expected the invasion to take only three months, the tides turned when they hit the winter. • Soviets lost 1,100,000 people in this battle • From that point on, Soviet army began to move westward towards Germany

  11. Normandy Invasion (D-Day) • June 6, 1944 • During this time, Soviet Union was pushing into Poland and Allies were pushing North in Italy • Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton influential in leading attack • 3 million ally troops to attack

  12. D – Day •   60 mile stretch of beach • 156,000 troops • 4,000 landing craft •   600 warships • 11,000 planes •    Largest land-sea-air operation in history • Omaha beach known as one of the most brutal areas

  13. Battle of the Bulge • December 16, 1944 • German tanks broke through American lines (80 mile front) • Fought in Belgium - Germany was trying to capture Antwerp • Very brutal war - one of the most extensive of U.S. military (120 American GIs captured and mowed down by SS machine guns and pistols)

  14. Germans were winning in the beginning • 120,000 Germans died (also lost 600 tanks and guns and 1,600 planes – leading to defeat)) • 80,000 Americans died • Americans won, but were close to losing

  15. The end of Hitler • April 30, 1945 Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide (gun shot and cyanide) • Bodies burned in street • Cover of Time magazine May 7, 1945

  16. V-E Day • May 8, 1945 • General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third Reich • V-E day = Victory in Europe day • 1st part of War was over

  17. July – August 1945 • Truman, (Churchill and then Clement Atlee) and Stalin met in Potsdam, Germany • Drew up a blueprint to disarm Germany and eliminate the Nazi regime • Divided Germany into 4 sections (occupied by France, Britain, U.S. and Soviet Union) • Berlin to be divided up in East (or Soviet Germany) • Set up the Nuremberg Trials to persecute Nazi leaders • Japan must “unconditionally surrender”

  18. Nuremberg Trials • International tribunal court tried Nazi officials • Over 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg, Germany • 12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to death • 200 other officials were found guilty, but give lesser sentences

  19. V-J Day • August 15, 1945: Japan offers unconditional surrender • September 2, 1945: V-J Day = Victory in Japan Day (Formal surrender)

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