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Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology. Introduction To Medical Terminology. Medical words are unique. A single medical term can express a complicated idea. “Catheter” (single word)

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Medical Terminology

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  1. Medical Terminology

  2. Introduction To Medical Terminology • Medical words are unique. A single medical term can express a complicated idea. • “Catheter” (single word) • A hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel or cavity of the body to withdraw or to instill fluids (complicated idea) • Medical Terminology is based on classic Greek and Latin. Medical words also come from other languages as well to include Dutch, English, French, German and Spanish. Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  3. Introduction To Medical Terminology • Prefix: appear at the beginning of a word • Root: foundation of most words and often found in the middle of words • Suffix: appear at the end of a word • Example: bilingual *Prefix + Root + Suffix (bi) + (lingu) + (al) two + tongue + pertaining to *This is most common configuration. Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  4. Introduction To Medical Terminology • Additional examples: anemia Prefix + Root + Suffix (an) + (no root) + (emia) without + (no root) + condition of blood cardia Prefix + Root + Suffix (no prefix) + (card) + (ia) (no prefix)+ heart + state or condition of Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  5. Introduction To Medical Terminology • Most medical words have at least two parts. In medical terminology, words with two or more parts are called compound words. • Not all medical terms will make sense when broken down into individual parts: • Example: hypochondria Prefix + Root + Suffix (hypo) + (chondr/o) + (ia) below normal + cartilage + state or condition of Literal meaning: Condition of below normal, or diminished amounts of cartilage Actual meaning: abnormal concern about one’s health Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  6. Introduction To Medical Terminology • The medical dictionary is the final authority! Many (most) times the root word will be the most important part in figuring out the meaning of a medical term – but not always. • Medical Terms Involving Surgical Procedures: • When learning medical terms that describe surgical procedures, the word part for the organ or tissue will appear first – next to the suffix. The suffix will describe the action being taken. Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  7. Introduction To Medical Terminology • Medical Terms Involving Surgical Procedures: • Examples: appendectomy Prefix + Root + Suffix (no prefix) + (append) + (ectomy) (no prefix)+ appendix + removal of pericardiotomy Prefix + Root + Suffix (peri) + (cardi/o) + (tomy) around+ heart + incision Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  8. Introduction To Medical Terminology • Spelling is especially critical when it comes to medical terminology! A change in a single letter, or its position, can completely change the meaning of a word. • Examples: • Hemarthrosis: the escape of blood from a joint into surrounding tissue • Hemiarthrosis: a false articulation (joint) between two bones • The importance of proper spelling cannot be over emphasized! Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  9. Introduction To Medical Terminology • Pronunciation can be difficult for many medical terms. Many words may have different pronunciations depending on which part of the country/world you are in. • Proper pronunciation is not always helpful in proper spelling of a word. This can be attributed to common Greek letter combinations. • ps – pseudo, psychology (s) • pn – pneumonia (n) • pt – ptosis (t) • x – xiphoid (z) • rh – rhinitis (r) Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  10. Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes • Prefix: medical word part found at the beginning of a medical word. The word prefix itself has two parts: • Pre- (in front of) + fix (attach to place) • “Attach to beginning of a word” • Medical dictionaries often attach a hyphen at the end of a prefix • Hemi- (half) • Peri- (around) • Hema- (blood) Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  11. Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes • Prefixes express eight kinds of relationships: • Time: • Noct- (night) + ur(urine) + -ia(pertaining to, condition) • Nocturia: excessive urination during the night 2. Place: • Meta- (next to, beyond) + carpal (pertaining to wrist) • Metacarpal: bones of the hand that are next to the wrist Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  12. Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes • Prefixes express eight kinds of relationships: 3. Other parts: • Circum- (around) + corneal (pertaining to, cornea) • Circumcorneal: around the cornea 4. Color: • Xano- (yellow) + cyano- (blue) + opsi(vision) + -ia(state or condition) • Xanocyanopsia: form of color blindness where you can distinguish blue and yellow, but not red or green Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  13. Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes • Prefixes express eight kinds of relationships: 5. Size: • Micro- (small) + photo (light) + -graph (write) • Microphotograph: small photograph 6. Direction: • Levo(left) + phobo- (fear) + -ia(state or condition) • Levophobia: a fear of objects on the left side of the body Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  14. Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes • Prefixes express eight kinds of relationships: 7. Type or Character of Procedure: • Allo(different from; other) + -plasty(molding; surgically forming) • Alloplasty: plastic surgery with non-human tissue 8. Amount or Quantity: • Oligo(little; scanty) + cyt(cell) + -hem (blood) + ia(state or condition) • Oligocythemia: a deficiency in the number of blood cells Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  15. Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes • Roots foundation word parts of medical terminology • Also known as: • Word part • Stem • Core • Root element • Core element • When one root element is combined with another root element it is called a combining form. They are often linked together by a vowel, or combining vowel. The most common combining vowel is “o.” Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  16. Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes • Suffixes word parts that come at the end of a medical word. Suffixes can change the meaning of a word by making them more specific. • Gloss (tongue) + algia(pain) = glossalgia(pain in tongue) • Suffixes can change roots into nouns. • Dacryo(tear) + -genic(create; beginning) = dacryogenic(beginning of the formation of tears) • Suffixes can change roots into adjectives. • lumbo(loins) + -ar(related to or pertaining to) = lumbar (pertaining to the loins) Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  17. Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes • Suffixes • Suffixes express a state, condition, appearance or symptom. • hemo(blood) + -orrhage(to burst forth) = hemorrhage (an abnormal internal or external discharge of blood) • Galact(milk) + -osis(process; action; state or condition of) = galactosis(the secretion of milk) • Suffixes express surgical procedures. • Chole(bile) + -cyst (bladder; bag) + -ectomy(surgical removal of) = cholecystectomy(surgical removal of gallbladder) Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  18. Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes • Suffixes • Suffixes express smallness. (Diminutive suffixes) • Ven(vein) + -ule(little; small) = venule(a tiny vein) Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  19. Assignment • Use a medical dictionary to: • Break up the following medical terms into word parts • Define each word part • Define the entire medical term Gastritis – Gastr / itis – inflammation of the stomach (stomach) / (inflammation) Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

  20. Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes • Suffixes Health Careers Academy - Tavares High School

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