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England and the Americas

England and the Americas. Honors U.S. History. Funding the Expeditions. Spanish way – Funded by the Monarchy, profits go to the Monarchy English way – Funded by joint-stock companies (investors) Initially not controlled by the Monarchy. Mercantilism. Global wealth is limited

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England and the Americas

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  1. England and the Americas Honors U.S. History

  2. Funding the Expeditions • Spanish way – Funded by the Monarchy, profits go to the Monarchy • English way – Funded by joint-stock companies (investors) • Initially not controlled by the Monarchy

  3. Mercantilism • Global wealth is limited • Key is to acquire and keep valuable metals • Gold • Silver • Colonies can provide a steady stream of materials to the main nation • Main nation provides manufactured goods to the colonies for purchase

  4. The Lost Colony • Sir Walter Raleigh established a settlement in North Carolina (1587) • Roanoke Island • 1590 – The colony and the settlers are completely gone • Nobody knows for certain what happened to them • Likely killed by local Indians

  5. Jamestown • Earliest permanent English colony in the United States (1607) • Formed by the Virginia Company • Intended to find gold and silver • Not prepared or equipped to build their own homes or grow their own crops • Initially traded with the Indians • Eventually started raiding each other • 1610 – 60 of the original 500 settlers were still alive • 1609 – 1610: “The Starving Time” • “He who does not work, does not eat” • Captain John Smith removed from control

  6. From Private Colony to Royal • King James I takes over the colony • Too many people dying • Too many battles with the Indians • The House of Burgesses – First body of government in the land • Eventually becomes too elite and excludes small farmers

  7. No Gold or Silver but… • 1612 – John Rolfe plants tobacco for the first time • Previously a luxury controlled by the Spanish • Highly addictive, creating a huge market • Problem – Getting people to cultivate it • Problem – Coming to Virginia is expensive • Problem – You can’t enslave the Natives • Solution – Indentured Servitude for 4-7 years in exchange for passage across • Problem – A new class of poor mistreated farmers

  8. What About the Indians? • Powhatan Confederacy – Taught the settlers how to develop tobacco • Tobacco depletes the soil • Settlers required lots of land that the Indians occupied • John Rolfe marries Pocahontas (1614) to smooth alliance • 1644 – Confederacy destroyed by English

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