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The Cold War. Yalta Conference. At the end of WWII, the Big Three met to decide what to do with Europe once the war was over. They agreed to divide Germany in to four occupied zones They agreed to create the United Nations They agree to try Nazi war criminals.
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Yalta Conference • At the end of WWII, the Big Three met to decide what to do with Europe once the war was over. • They agreed to divide Germany in to four occupied zones • They agreed to create the United Nations • They agree to try Nazi war criminals
Iron Curtain: Invisible boundary between democratic countries and Communist countries
Truman Doctrine: America will support ANY nation that struggles against Communism. This policy is also known as containment. The first two countries that are assisted are Turkey and Greece! • This idea is laid out in a letter from George Kennan, also called “The Long Note”.
I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way
Marshall Plan • America gives money so that European nations can rebuild. • We offer money to the Soviet Union and they reject it
NATO: Northern Atlantic Treaty Organization • NATO is an organization of “collective defense” against Communism. • Stalin’s response was the “Warsaw Pact” made up of the USSR and various satellite nations.
Berlin Airlift • Stalin built a blockade around West Berlin, cutting off supplies. • The US sent supplies in to Western Germany using aircraft from WWII
Korean Conflict: 1950-1953 • Korea was divided along the 38th parallel • North Korea began to antagonize South Korea and the UN agreed to send peace keeping forces led by American troops.
Overthrow of Iran! • CIA overthrows Iran and places the Shah in power, believing that he will fight against Communism
Eisenhower Doctrine and the Suez Crisis! • The Eisenhower Doctrine stated that the US would help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by Communism • Egyptian leader Nasser attempted to create a giant Arab state and nationalized the Suez Canal • England and France, concerned about loss of the canal, encouraged Israel to attack Egypt • American troops responded quickly
U-2 Incident • After Stalin’s death, there seemed to be home for reconciliation between the Soviets and the Americans under the new leadership of Nikita Khruschev. • Nikita Khruschev and Eisenhower agreed to “clear skies” • A US spy plane was shot down over USSR, proving that the US was spying • This chilled relations between the Soviet Union an the US
Peace Corps • Created by Kennedy to bring sanitations and education to “third world” nations that might fall to Communism
Cuban Missile Crisis • Americans spy planes found evidence that Soviet missiles were present in Cuba • John F. Kennedy created a military quarantine around Cuba until the missiles were removed. This was interpreted as an act of war by Khruschev • For nine days, the world stood at the brink of nuclear war and were concerned, for the first time, about MAD (mutually assured destruction) • Khruschev eventually removed the missiles in return for the removal of American missiles in Turkey
Vietnam • Originally owned by France, also called Indochina • Divided along the 19th Parallel • United States sets up a democracy-friendly government in the South and promises aid • American beings policy of “escalation”
Ho Chi Minh Trail • America is fighting the VietCong and North Vietnamese in a guerilla war
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: President can move troops without Congressional authorization • An American tanker was sunk in the Gulf of Tonkin • LBJ calls this “communist aggression”
Tet Offensive • American troops are attacked during the Vietnamese New Year, known as Tet • The battle is incredibly bloody but Americans are able to remove the North Vietnamese from Saigon
Anti War Protests Begin! • Sit its • Teach ins • Marches
Vietnamization • Nixon’s policy to expand, equip and prepare the South Vietnamese to fight for themselves
Nixon begins secret bombings of Laos and Cambodia (Operation Menu)
Kent State • Four college students are shot at Kent State University during an anti war protest
Détente: Decreasing tensions between the Soviet Union and the US
SALT I and SALT II • Strategic Arms Limitations Treaties- attempts to limit the amount of arms and nuclear weaponry held by each country (first is under Ford)
Glasnost: Policy of openness and honesty between USSR and US
1989: The Berlin Wall falls! • Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!
