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9-2 Rise of Dictators

Totalitarian state : gov. that aims to control political, economic, social, lives of its people Led by one leader or single party Totalitarian state expected active involvement of people. 9-2 Rise of Dictators. Benito Mussolini, Fascist leader of Italy

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9-2 Rise of Dictators

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  1. Totalitarian state: gov. that aims to control political, economic, social, lives of its people Led by one leader or single party Totalitarian state expected active involvement of people 9-2 Rise of Dictators

  2. Benito Mussolini, Fascist leader of Italy Fascism: glorifies the state above the individual Fascist state: gov. controls people and opposition is suppressed

  3. He formed band of black-shirted groups called squadristi or Blackshirts Fascist “either we are allowed to govern or we wills seize power” Established secret police OVRA Il Duce= “the leader”

  4. Mussolini’s methods of control: 1. OVRA 2. Mass Media 3.Propaganda 4. Youth Groups 5. Gave Church money and recognize it Catholicism as the only religion

  5. V.I Lenin controlled Union of Soviet Socialist Republic USSR Lenin created the New Economic Policy (NEP) peasants were allowed to sell their produce openly Improved agriculture Soviet Union

  6. Lenin died 1924 and Joseph Stalin used his position in gov. to gain control 1928 Stalin created a Five Year Plan- transform an agricultural to industrial overnight

  7. Focused on heavy machines, that helped make other goods Steel production increase from 4- 18 million tons Collectivization: private farms were eliminated, gov. owned all land and peasants worked it

  8. General Francisco Franco led the revolt in Spain 1936, Fascist regimes of Italy and Germany gave aid to Franco Franco established a dictatorship in Spain Spain

  9. Adolf Hitler: served 4 years in WWI (Germany) German Workers Party 1921 Hitler had taken control of the party National Socialist German Wo0rkers’ Party or Nazi 9-3 Hitler

  10. Staged an uprising against gov. Sent to jail, wrote: Mein Kampf or My Struggle Reichstag: German Parliament Reichstag passed the Enabling Act: gov. got 4 years power to ignore the constitution

  11. Hitler became dictator and created large prison camps: concentration camps Hitler known as their Fuhrer or Leader Wanted an Aryan state to dominate Europe

  12. Aryan= people speaking Indo-European Languages SS= Guard Squadrons, force that maintained order Heinrich Himmler controlled SS SS based on terror and ideology

  13. Nuremberg laws= excluded Jews from German citizenship Kirstallnacht= destructive rampage against Jews

  14. Surrealism= art movement sought a reality beyond material world Medernism: Dawes Plan: reduce reparations Depression: period of low economic activity

  15. Causes of Depression: U.S stock market crashed, prices of farm products went down German democratic state known as the Weimar Republic had problems France created collective bargaining: rights for union to negotiate with employers over wages

  16. U.S Franklin Delano Roosevelt created the New Deal: policy of active government involvement in the economy

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